1选词填空解题技巧根据平时的观察,学生在做英语的“选词填空”时,遭遇较多困难,有的甚至条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此,分享平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略,希望能给同学们提供一点帮助。“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的12个词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关,学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读,积累丰富的语言知识外,还需掌握一定的解题技巧。1.在拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,例如:名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-a.,副词-ad.等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。2.通读全文,语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子,充分理解短文的内容,注意发现固定搭配关系,凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息,根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.在选定单词后,不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中,需要瞻前顾后,既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。★对于名词,要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如:match-matches,friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词,例如:sun-sunny,use-useful/useless/used,danger-dangerous;★对于动词,要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-todo,现在分词-doing,过去分词-done,固定搭配-enjoydoingsth./usedtodosth./havesth.done…);★对于形容词和副词,要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换,是否需要变成比较级或最高级,还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑,例如:interesting-more/themostinteresting,happy-happily,happy-happiness;★对于代词,注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法;★对于数词,要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法,例如:three-third,2/3-twothirds,onethousand/thousandsof;★对于冠词,只需要在a或an之间判别,如agirl/anoldman;★对于介词和连词时,就更简单,只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配,填入即可。为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有's不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。4.完成填词后,应通读全文,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时,切勿错位。总结:做题技巧1.统览全局,把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意,把握了全局才能主导方向,从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子,缩小词的选择范围。2.根据语法,判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。3.利用语境,确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。2如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式;名词的数和所有格;代词的各种形式及单复数;形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。4.复读全文,验正答案。填完单词后,不可孤立地逐个检查词,而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中,复读全文,仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容,读起来是否流畅,是否合乎句法,单词拼写是否有误,单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文,很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。典型例题:(2016年四川省中招选词填空题节选)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。请将答写在短文后相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。dirtywithhavealwaystimetheylargewantspeaklessonfirstdropAfteraquickbreakfast,Iwentintothelecturehallinahurry.Afamousteacherwas66tothestudents.Hewasholdingupa$100bill.Thenhesaidtothethreehundredstudents,“Whowouldlikethis$100bill?”Thestudentsputup67handsatonce.Thenhesaid,“Iamgoingtogivethis$100billtooneofyou,but68,letmedothis.”Hemadethebillintoaball.Thenhesaid.“Who69itnow?”Thehandswentbackintotheair.“Well,”hesaid,“whatifIdothis?”andhe70itonthefloorandsteppedonit.Hepickedupthe7lbillandsaid.“Whostillwantsit?”Handswentbackagainintotheair.”Myfriends,”hesaid,“youhavelearnedavaluable(有价值的)72today.NomatterwhatIdidtothe$100bill!Many73inourlife,wearedroppedandsteppedon.Wefeelasifweareworthnothing.Butremember,nomatterwhat74happenedtoyou,youwillneverloseyourvalue:Youare75valuabletothosepeoplewholoveyou.Yourvaluedoesn’tcomefromwhatyoudoorwhomyouknow,butwhoyouare.”1.单词诠释;进行预判1.dirtyadj.maketheroomdirty2.withprep---withoutprep3.have拥有实义动词--has(单三)had(过去式)have助动词:构成完成时havedone/hasdone/haddone4.alwaysadv.:bealwaysdoing一直干某事5.timeU.时间haveagood/badtimeTimeisprecious.C.时代inmodern/oldtimes6.theypron.they主格---them宾格---themselves反身代词their形容词性物主代词-----theirs名词性物主代词7.largeadj.比较级larger最高级largest副词largely8.wantv.wantsth.wantsb.todosth.9.speakvi.speakto/withsb.speakaboutsth.10.givesb.alesson给某人个教训learnalesson学习一课11.first---firstly;atfirst;then…12dropvt.--dropped–dropped;dropsth.ontheground32.缺词通读全文,经行预判3.瞻前顾后,仔细填空,注意单词的变形。针对性练习:(一)Mr.Brownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peoplesometimes1____________himbrokenumbrellas,andthenhetookthemtoabigshopinLondon.Theywere2____________there.OnedayMr.BrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He3____________totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Sittinginfrontofhimwasamanwithanumbrellastanding4____________theseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brown5____________uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgettingoff,hewas6____________bytheman.Hesaidangrily,“That’s7____________!”Mr.Brown’sfaceturnedredandhegaveitbacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookat8____________ofthem,hesaid,“You’vemendedthemverywell.”Intheafternoonhegotintothetrainagain.The9____________manwasinthesameseat.HelookedatMrBrownandhissixumbrellas,“You’vehada10____________day,”hesaid.(二)Lighttravelsataspeed(速度)whichisaboutamilliontimes1____________thanthatofsound.2___________onesecond,lighttravelsabout300,000kilometers,butsoundtravelsonly340meters.Youcangetsomeideaofthisdifferenceby3______________thestartofarunningmatch.Ifyoustandfarawayfromthestarter(发令员),youcanseesmoke4____________fromhisgun5____________thesoundreachesyourears.Thefastspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Theneareststaris6____________farawaythatlightwhichyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltoyoufouryears7____________ataspeedofnearlytwomillionkilometerseveryminute.Thelightfromsomeoftonight’sstartedon8____________journeyforget,bring,mend,beside,luck,pick,same,differently,I,every,stop,eachbefore,discover,fast,in,come,watch,so,fastit,ago,shine,notcan4towardsyouevenbeforeyouwereborn.So,ifwewanttobehonest,we9____________say,“Thestarsareshiningbrightlytonight.”Wehavetosay,“Thestarslooknice.Theywere10___________fouryearsagobuttheirlighthasjustreachedourearth.”(三)all,any,behave,difference,drink,eat,enjoy,fine,other,real,surpr