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1afimilk®ParlorMonitoring&MilkingEfficiency挤奶台效率和挤奶监控S.A.E.AfikimTrainingDepartmentPinhasPatGurAfiFarm™ManagementTools阿菲牧软件——高效的牧场管理工具4WhatisThemainidea?主要目的？Howdiditallstart?挤奶效率的重要性？–Increasingparlorthroughputs(Largedairies&numberofcows)–提高挤奶台的挤奶速度（大牧场&大牛群）–Thecorrelationbetweenmilkingtimeandudderhealth–挤奶时间与乳房健康的关系–Industryopinionleaders？–行业主张？MilkingEfficiency挤奶效率5MonitoringMilkingEfficiency挤奶台监控效率Thedataprovidescontrolandfollowupof:可提供的信息：•ParlorPerformance•挤奶台工作效率•TheMilkingRoutine挤奶操作流程oMilkers’performance挤奶工的工作情况•MilkingEquipment设备的运行情况PhysiologyoftheUdder乳房生理结构HowmuchBlooddoesittaketomake1literofMilk?分泌1公斤牛奶所需要的血液Ittakesapprox.380litersofBloodtoproduce1literofMilk分泌1公斤牛奶大约需要380公斤血液53L.MILK/DAYEQUALS21,198LONETANKEROFBLOODPUMPEDTHROUGHTHEUDDER日产量为53公斤牛奶需要21,198升血液相当于一个奶罐车的容量Team团队TogetherEveryoneAchievesMore!!8Structureoftheudder乳房结构Tissuewheremilkisproduced泌乳组织Cisternalmilk–10to30%ofmilk乳池:10－30%的奶量Sphincter:Thedoortotheouterworld.Protecttheudderfromexternalinvaders乳头括约肌：保护乳房不受感染脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体Letdownhormone(oxytocin)goestoudderinblood(39-44)脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体Stimulationtoletdown=1minuteOxytocinonlylasts5minutes脑垂体心脏催乳素经由血液抵达乳房泌乳刺激经由神经系统传输到大脑和垂体22PrepTime挤奶准备工作挤奶准备10－20秒/牛套杯等待：40－70秒/牛套杯挤奶准备到套杯间隔60－90秒/牛套杯前，挤奶准备工作和套杯等待时间挤奶前，泌乳腺泡充盈牛奶，腺泡开口封闭泌乳刺激后，腺泡里的奶排出，进入乳导管第一阶段腺泡充盈第二阶段乳腺细胞Toharvestthemilkfromtheudder,youmusthavethecow‘scooperation要从牛乳房中挤奶，必须和牛进行合作。Toachievethiscooperation,treatthecow要达properly要完成该合作，必须善待牛只则三个基本原RulesThreeBasicKeepyourcowscomfortableandrelaxedduringmilking保证牛只舒适放松Stimulateproperlybeforemilking挤奶前合理刺激ProtecttheudderfromBacteria防止细菌感染乳房TheAnatomyofMilking挤奶过程剖析26TheAnatomyofMilkingMilkiscreatedintheAlveolicSacsandreleasedtotheUdderCisternwhenOxytocinarrivesatthetissue.当催乳素作用到组织，牛奶产生于乳腺泡并释放到乳池中Oxytocintravelsinthebloodstreamandittakesitbetween60–90sectoaffecttheudder.催乳素需要60-90秒，通过血液循环作用到乳房Cisternalmilkisharvestedbyopeningtheteatcanal,blockedbytheSphinctermuscle通过乳池汇集乳头管的牛奶Thereareafewdelayingfactorsweneedtoavoid.几个需要避免延迟的因素27DelayingFactorsMilkLetDowndependsoncowphysiology,Nutritionandbehaviorinthemilkingparlor奶厅奶牛放乳依靠牛只生理状况、营养水平及行为牛只生理状况PhysiologyCowSphincterMuscleTonus括约肌收缩LevelsofHormones(Progesteroneandestrogen)激素水平（孕酮和雌激素）FlowofOxytocinintheblood催产素在血液中的流速营养水平NutritionMineralssuchasMagnesium,Cobalt,manganeseaffecttheOxytocinresponse.(Hypomagnesaemictetany)镁、钴、锰等矿物元素对催产素反馈的影响牛只生理状况PhysiologyCowAdrenalincancelstheeffectofOxytocin.Nervouscowsmayholdmilkforupto12min肾上腺素影响催产素。神经紧张的牛只挤奶时间可延长超过12分钟Timing挤奶时间UdderstimulationcausesthereleaseofOxytocintothebloodstream.刺激乳房使其释放催产素TheTimeofstimulationdependsoncowbreeds.Holsteincowsneed10-20secstimulationtoreleaseOxytocin.刺激时间依赖于牛只品种。荷斯坦奶牛需要10-20秒释放催产素。Afterthestimulation,thereisaDelayTimeuntilthehormonearrivesandeffecttheudder.Delaytimeshouldbebetween60–90sec.刺激后，有一个延迟，直到激素到达作用于乳房。延迟时间在60-90秒。29ObjectivesindesigningaMilkingProcedure设置挤奶程序的目的Shortenmilkingtimetoprotectthecows’udderandincreaseparlorthroughput.缩短挤奶时间可以保护牛只乳房和提高产量Reducethetimeofclusteroncowwithoutmilkflow.缩短低流速时间ProtectyourcowsfromMastitis.Keepmilkingenvironment(teat)clean.保持挤奶环境（乳头）的清洁。防止牛只感染乳房炎。BuildingaMilkingProcedure挤奶程序的设定•Minimizewateruse.Removealldirtfromteatsurfaces减少用水。首先擦去乳头表面的污垢。ExampleofProcedurefromtheUniversityofMinnesota明尼苏达州大学的例子•FocusattentiononteatsurfacesUseasanitizer(i.e.prep-dip)集中采用消毒乳头（如：挤前药浴）•Assurecompletepre-dipcoverageofteatsurfaces确保消毒液浸没整个乳头表面•Allowpre-dip30secondscontacttime挤前药浴使消毒剂在乳头停滞30秒•Provideaminimumletdownstimulus(teatmassage,fore-stripping,teatdrying)of10-20seconds提供10-20秒适量的放乳刺激（乳头按摩、挤头把奶、清理擦拭）•Provideaprep-lagtimeof60–90seconds提供60-90秒的延迟时间•Minimizemachine-ontime套杯时间最短化•Minimizevariationbetweenmilkers避免挤奶工间的变动31BuildingaMilkingProcedure挤奶程序的设定Cow6套杯Attach.Cow710secPrepCow1套杯AttachCow2套杯AttachCow3套杯AttachCow4套杯AttachCow5套杯Attach--8677Cow110secPrepCow210secPrepCow310secPrepCow410secPrepCow510secPrep1019293949Cow610secPrep759LoadsAttachment队列套杯LoadsAttachments–Summaryreportofeveryloadinthesession队列套杯-奶厅站台每次套杯汇总33MilkingRoutine:Prepare6cowsAttach6cows挤奶程序：准备6头，套杯6头Prepare6Attach6准备6头，套杯6头Postdip挤后药浴AttachmentSequenceReport套杯顺序报告DetailedReport–Monitoringmilkingprocedure.详细报告-监测挤奶顺序AttachmentSequenceReport套杯顺序报告DetailedReport–Monitoringmilkingprocedure.详细报告-监测挤奶顺序35Noorder无序anarchy!混乱！Iftheattachmentsequenceiserraticratherthanintheorderyoudecidedupon,youknowthatworkersarenotfollowingtheestablishedroutine.如果套杯顺序混乱，那么说明挤奶工未按设定的挤奶程序挤奶36Whatisgoodmilkability?什么是好的挤奶性能？AfterthelastteatcupisattachedSignificantMilkFlowbegins套杯后有明显的下乳速度Thecowismilkedquicklyandfullythroughasteadyandcontinuousflowofmilk挤奶过程牛奶流速饱和稳定Attheendofthemilkingtheflowdropssharply挤奶最后流速剧烈MilkingCurvenobimodality泌