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动名词特征动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式，由动词原形加“-ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，其动词特征表现为可以带宾语、状语或表语。Themanagerimpressedonhisofficestafftheimportanceofkeepingaccuraterecords．(带宾语)Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasurebutasuffer．(带状语)Censureisthetaxamanpaystothepublicforbeingeminent．责难是一个人因为出名而向公众交的税。(带表语)此外，动名词的动词特征还表现在它的语态和时态变化上。例如：Thereismorepleasureinlovingthaninbeingloved．(一般被动式)Iknownothingabouthishavingservedinthearmy．(完成式)成分(一)作主语1)动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验Talkingmendsnoholes．Promisingistheeveofgiving．Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall．2)有时先用it作形式主语。把-ing形式置于句尾itisnouse/good/useless/awasteof…/fun/pleasuredoingsthitisnousecomplainingIt'sniceseeingyouagain．ltisfunplayingwithchildren．3)“Thereis+no后可以用动名词作主语,表示“没法……”Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain．Thereisnohidingofevilbuttodoit．比较：Thereisnosense/point/use(in)doingsth(二)作表语动名词作表语也表示一种概念、习惯或经验。Seeingisbelieving．眼见为实。MyjobisteachingseniorstudentsEnglish.(三)做定语表示所修饰名词的用途。这时，可以改写成由for作定语的短语。anewswimmingsuit（=suitforswimming）.awalkingstickaswimmingpool游泳池awalkingstick拐杖areadingroomabathingcapachangingroom更衣室awaitingroom等候室，候诊室awateringcan喷壶aguessinggame猜字游戏anironingboardacollectingtin募捐盒ahidingplace藏身处aracingbicycle赛车(四)作宾语常跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语有admit承认advise建议allow允许avoid避免cannothelp禁不住can'tstand经受不住consider考虑delay推迟enjoy喜欢finish完成giveup放弃imagine想象include包括keep保持keepon持续：mind介意miss错过putoff推迟permit允许practise练习resist抵抗suggest建议避免错过少延期avoid,miss,putoff,postpone建议完成多练习suggest,finish,practice喜欢想象经不住enjoy,imagine,can'thelp承认否定与妒忌admit,deny,envy逃避冒险莫原谅escape,risk,excuse,忍受保持不介意stand,keep,mindAvoidovereatingIadvisedtakingadifferentapproach．2)许多短语动词也可以用动名词作宾语Shekeptonworkingalthoughshewastired．在(be)worth后也可跟动名词作宾语：NewYorkisacityworthvisiting3)有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。有时两者意思不同,这类动词有：forget,remember,forget,mean,try,goonI'11neverforgethearingChaliapinsinginginthatopera．HeforgetstopaymeIcouldn'thelpfeelingjealouswhenhewaspromotedovermyhead．4)有时两种结构只有细微的差别，例如在like，love,prefer，hate，dread等动词之后，动名词多表示一般情况。不定式多表示即将发生的事,它们如果用在would后面，只能接不定式形式Ipreferwalkingalone．Wepreferredtowalkthere．我们宁愿步行到那里。Hehatedthinking／tothinkaboutit.Sheloveshaving／tohavelotsofyoungmenroundher．I’dliketohaveawordwithyou(五)作介词的宾语高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳be/get/becomeusedto习惯于begivento喜欢；癖好berelatedto与…有关系beaddictedto沉溺于；对…上瘾beopposedto反对devoteoneselfto献身于；专心于bedevotedto致力于；忠诚于beadmittedto被…录取；准进入bereducedto沦为reduce…to…使…沦为beattachedto附属于；喜欢；依恋beadjustedto适应beknownto为…所知bemarriedto和…结婚besentencedto被判处beconnectedto和…连在一起beexposedto暴露于；遭受becomparedto被比喻成compare…to…把…比作…be/become/getaccustomedto//accustomedto惯于；有…习惯beengagedto与…订婚getdownto着手做leadto导致objectto反对；不喜欢；不赞成putone’smindto全神贯注于giveriseto引起lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意stickto坚持attendto专心；注意；照料；seeto负责；注意contributeto对…作贡献；有助于makecontributionsto对…作贡献applyoneselfto致力于comecloseto几乎；将近replyto回答addto增加addupto加起来inadditionto除…之外turnto转向；求助于feelupto能胜任于lookupto尊敬admitto承认belongto属于taketo喜爱；开始clingto附着fallto开始respondto回答；对…作出回应accustomoneselfto使自己习惯于amountto等于setanexampleto给…树立榜样referto谈到；参考；查阅agreetosth.同意某事（比较：agreetodosth.同意做某事）prefer…to…更喜欢take/makeatripto到…地方去join…to…把…和…连接起来turnablindeyeto对…视而不见turnadeafearto对…充耳不闻showhonourto向…表示敬意putanendto(bring…toanend)结束drink(atoast)to为……干杯proposeatoastto提议……setfireto放火烧……occurtosb.想起；想到totalupto总计达becloseto几乎；将近holdto坚持；抓住helponeselfto随便用……holdonto抓住；固守doharmto对……有害处dowrongto冤枉某人datebackto追溯到cometo来到；达到；结果为(比较：cometodosth逐渐做某事)whenitcomesto…谈到……时giveaneyeto着眼于haveaneyetodoing打算describeto向……描述treatsb.tosth.请某人吃……truststh.tosb.把某物委托给某人payavisitto参观……thekeyto……的答案accessto进入；取得的方法onone’swayto在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中beastrangerto不习惯；对……陌生bekindto对……和善beimportantto对……重要beseniorto年龄长于……bejuniorto年龄小于……beequalto和……相等beparticularto……所特有的（比较：beparticularabout对……过于讲究；挑剔）besubjectto服从；隶属；易遭\受\患befamiliarto为……熟悉besimilarto和……相似beopento对……开放beloyalto对……忠诚behelpfulto对……有益处beusefulto对……有用begoodtosb对某人好（比较：begoodfor对……有益处）bebadto对……不好bebadfor（比较：对……有害处）benewto对……不习惯；对……陌生nextto（否定词前）几乎；nextto……的旁边dueto由于；归因于……beduetodosth.预定要做某事owingto由于；因……的缘故thanksto多亏了；由于asto关于；至于in/withregardto关于in/withrelationto关于；就……而论accordingto根据subjectto在……条件下；依照专项练习：1.Theengineoftheplanewasoutoforderandthethunderstorm______thehelplessnessofthepilotinthesky.A.addedtoB.madeupC.ledtoD.tookover2.–-Whatalargeandbrightroom！Isitaclassroom?---No.It_____thestudents’reading—room.A.referstoB.standsforC.ismeantforD.makesupof3.Itwasfoolishofhimto_______hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished.A.sticktoB.refertoC.keeptoD.pointto4.Eatingtoomuchfatcan_______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.resultfromB.devotetoC.attendtoD.contributeto动名词的复合结构动名词的逻辑主语多用一个物主代词或名词所有格表示。带有逻辑主语的动名词形式称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。1)名词所有格形式其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句。John'shavingseenherdidnotmakeherworried．Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus．2)普通格形式①逻辑主语是有生命的名词时，用名词或代词所有格，作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格，若作宾语，逻辑主语也可用普通格)。Mary'sbeingmadehermotherupset．Wouldyoumindmy（me）usingyourtelescope?②逻辑主语是无生命的名词或抽象概念名词时，只用普通格。Heisinthebeliefofmoneybeingev