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实用标准精彩文档摘要第一段：写论文解决什么问题1．问题的重述a.介绍重点词开头：例1：“Handmove”irrigation,acheapbutlabor-intensivesystemusedonsmallfarms,consistsofamovablepipewithsprinklerontopthatcanbeattachedtoastationarymain.例2:……isareal-lifecommonphenomenonwithmanycomplexities.例3：An(effectiveplan)iscrucialto………b.直接指出问题：例1：Wefindtheoptimalnumberoftollboothsinahighwaytoll-plazaforagivennumberofhighwaylanes:thenumberoftollboothsthatminimizesaveragedelayexperiencedbycars.例2：Abrand-newuniversityneedstobalancethecostofinformationtechnologysecuritymeasureswiththepotentialcostofattacksonitssystems.例3：Wedeterminethenumberofsprinklerstousebyanalyzingtheenergyandmotionofwaterinthepipeandexaminingtheengineeringparametersofsprinklersavailableinthemarket.例4:Aftermathematicallyanalyzingthe……problem,ourmodelinggroupwouldliketopresentourconclusions,strategies,(andrecommendations)tothe…….例5：Ourgoalis...that(minimizesthetime)……….2．解决这个问题的伟大意义反面说明。如果没有……Withoutimplementingdefensivemeasure,theuniversityisexposedtoanexpectedlossof$8.9millionperyear.3．总的解决概述a．通过什么方法解决什么问题例：WeaddresstheproblemofoptimizingamusementparkenjoymentthroughdistributingQuickPasses(QP),reservationslipsthatideallyallowanindividualtospendlesstimewaitinginline.b．实际问题转化为数学模型例1Weformulatetheproblemasanetworkflowinwhichverticesarethelocationsofescortsandwheelchairpassengers.例2:Anaïvestrategywouldbetoemploytheminimumnumberofescortstoguaranteethatallpassengersreachtheirgatesontime.c.将问题分阶段考虑例3：Wedividethejumpintothreephases:flyingthroughtheair,punchingthroughthestack,andlandingontheground.第二、三段：具体分析1．在什么模型中/建立了什么模型a.主流模型例1：Weformulateadifferentialmodeltoaccountfortheratesofchangeoftheseuses,实用标准精彩文档andhowthischangewouldaffecttheoverallconsumptionofwaterwithinthestudiedregion.例2:Weexaminedthemathematicaleffectsof…….Wedevelopedadetailed……(simulationmethodology)totestourideasandtoquantifythedifferencesbetween(among)different……(strategies).例3：Basedon(writeyourbasis.suchasthetheoryofsupplyanddemand),weestablishamodel(suchasdifferentialequationsystemthatincludesdemand,supply).例4：To(writetheaims),weestablishacriterion(writethecriterion).b.模型非主流例5：Webuildamodeltodeterminehowtolayoutthepipeeachtimetheequipmentismoved.例6：Wedetermine…………例7：Webuildamodeltodetermine……….例8：Weformulateamodelfor………Byanalyzing…andexamining…..2．分析模型（使用什么数据，怎么做，一般三句话）a.写历史数据例1：UsinghistoricaldatafromtheUnitedStates,wedetermineinitialconditionsforourmodel.b.写计算机模拟例1：thismodelleadstoacomputersimulationofcatch-cantestsoftheirrigationsystemand……例2:Softwarepackingreaches………bycalculatingandcomparing………..c.运用数据模拟例1：togroundthismodelinreality,weincorporateextensivedemographicdataandrun……例2：Wefitthemodifiedmodeltodata(suchas1970-2003.).Weconcludethat(writethelastconclude).d.讲详细分析例1：Wephysicallycharacterizethesystemthat…例2：Weprovideastrategy(writethelogicalstrategy).例3：The…modelis(efficient,intuitive,andflexible)andcouldbeappliedto…例4：Tomeettheneedsofpeopletodaywithout,weestablishacriterionofrational(合理的标准)oilallocation(分配).3．总结该模型的结果/得到什么结论a.说明不是最优但能产生作用例：Weshowthatthisstrategyisnotoptimalbutcanbeimprovedbyassigningdifferentnumbers……b.说明如果用这个模型，结果如何例1：IfDeltaAirlinesweretoutilizethenaïvestrategyatAtlantaInternationalAirport,thecostwouldbe……例2：Wemodifythemodeltoreflect(sometrendsuchasexponentiallyincreasing……)andgeneralizethemodelto(otherfield).例3：OurresultsaresummarizedintheformulafortheoptimalnumberBoftollboothsfor实用标准精彩文档c．通过其上情况的列举得到的结论例：Forvarioussituations,weproposeanoptimalsolution.d.得出了结论例1：weelicitthataconclusion.例2：Weconcludewithaseriesofrecommendationsforhowbestto…e.进一步说明其他因素对模型的影响例：Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscusspoliciesfor…..f.用真实数据检验模型例:Todemonstratehowourmodelworks,weapplyitto………..最后一段：写总的结论a.说明结论的可行性例：Oursuggestedsolution,whichiseasytoimplement,includesadetailedtimetableandthearrangementofpipes.b.说明算法的广泛性例1：Ouralgorithmisbroadenoughtoaccommodatevariousairportconcourses,flightschedules,andflightdelays.例2：Ouranalysisbeganbydeterminingwhatfactorimpact……,Ourconclusionsarepresented……c.说明模型可用于其他领域例：Sinceourmodelisbasedon……itcanbeappliedto(otherdomain).其他（承上启下的连接词/常用词组）例:Inadditiontothemodel,wealsodiscuss……引言部分（1）回顾研究背景，常用词汇有review,summarize,present,outline,describe等（2）说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose,attempt,aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达（3）介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study,present,include,focus,emphasize,emphasis,attention等方法部分（1）介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有teststudy,investigate,examine,experiment,discuss,consider,analyze,analysis等（2）说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure,estimate,calculate等（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有等结果部分（1）展示研究结果，常用词汇有show,result,present等（2）介绍结论，常用词汇有summary,introduce,conclude等讨论部分（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest,repot,present,expect,describe等（2）说明论证，常用词汇有等support,provide,indicate,identify,find,demonstrate,confirm,clarify（3）推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest,suggestion,recommend,recommendation,propose,实用标准精彩文档necessity,necessary,expect等。摘要中常用的词语汇：critical至关重要的algorithm运算法则amethodofevaluating评价方法appropriate近似的consider考虑configurations布局optimal统一的maximize使…最大化strategy策略parameter参数，主要的决定因素accuracy精确性strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点contact相关的contract建立，构造calculate计算establish建立formula公式modify改进rational合理的cou