任务型阅读(七选五)-讲义

专业文档珍贵文档专题二任务型阅读（七选五）考纲导续主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握，其考点设置主要包括：1.主题句；2.过渡句；3.推断句。七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。其特点如下：1．选择基本为300词左右的说明文或议论文。2．短文篇章结构常为：提出问题——解决问题。3．七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。4．选项均为完整句子，句型不一。专业文档珍贵文档分类例析1．主题句(2016•全国Ⅱ)专业文档珍贵文档____37____Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料)．____38____.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegarden.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC．It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE．StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF．Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG．Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave[解题思路]本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories”一致，故在A项和B项之间选择。再根据本段倒数第二句“However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.”可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。尝试解答：__A______(2017•全国Ⅲ)___37____Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit'simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwantto...A．Getasleepspecialist.B．Findtherightmotivation.C．Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D．Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.E．Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.专业文档珍贵文档F．Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake－uptime,nomattertheday.G．Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.[解题思路]本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题Reconsidermorning一致，故在A、B、F和G之间选择。再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。尝试解答：____B____2．过渡句(2013•全国Ⅰ片段)Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.____74____Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.E．Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.F．Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.[解题思路]根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的thethird可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项Thesecondaspect...吻合。尝试解答：此题属并列关系，故选___E_____表示并列关系的词有：first(ly),second(ly)，...；first,then/next，...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranother(thing)，...;tobeginwith,toconclude等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。专业文档珍贵文档(2015•北京片段)First,understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.____73____Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou'redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.A．Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.D．Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.[解题思路]选项A中的alsohelps与空格前面句子中的help相对应，且两句话的主语形式统一，都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。尝试解答：此题属递进关系，故选___A_____递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what'smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。(2014•辽宁片段)ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Long－termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.____37____C．Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D．Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.[解题思路]空白处前面的句子“Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.”意为“无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的”，属于总结概括句。选项C意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛”，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。尝试解答：此题属例证关系，故选___C_____前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演练(从观点到例子)。(全国Ⅱ片段)Getacoach____51____，sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthat'srightforyou.A．Youaren'tlikeanybodyelseD．Checktherulesaboutdosanddon'ts专业文档珍贵文档E．Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough[解题思路]根据“sogethelp”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的“...readytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses...”也可知开头说的与publicspeaking有关。尝试解答：故选___E_____表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...，sothat...等。(2016•全国Ⅰ片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.____37____Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.[解题思路]根据forexample可知，接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。尝试解答：__E______(2015•全国Ⅰ片段)Youdidn'tlose“everything”．Oncetrustislost，whatisleft