氟硅酸性质

王俊中,魏昶,姜琪(,650093)介绍了H2SiF6水溶液的组成物理性质和化学性质.其蒸气压的大小密度当量电导以及传质系数等都与H2SiF6的浓度相关;H2SiF6的水溶液中存在多种平衡,在强酸性或碱性溶液中,SiF2-6会分解,H2SiF6的水溶液能溶解过量的SiO2;氟硅酸能腐蚀多种金属,与氧化物氢氧化物以及无机盐等发生较复杂的反应.:H2SiF6的水溶液;组成;性质:O611.65:A:1007-855X(2001)03-093-041H2SiF6[1],20%~35%.H2SiF636.4%,SiF2-6,HFSiF4H2O;HFSiF42H2SiF6;SiO2,SiF4H2O,HF.107.3,7.9mol%SiF4.H2SiF625wt%HFSiF4,3035wt%.75,30.4%SiF46.38102Pa,HF2.92102Pa2.75104Pa[2].75,H2SiF6SiF4HF.SiF4H2SiF61.1H2SiF6SiF4H2SiF6(12).1H2SiF6(25)H2SiF6/wt%3%10%20%30%36%/gcm-31.021.081.171.271.23225H2SiF6H2SiF6/wt%7.2%0.9%0.06%/-1cm-287106.5130.9,.25H2SiF60=470-1cm-2.HF/SiO2.100gH2SiF61g,0.317.H2SiF660%1.3465.K.(K,cwt%,t):K=0.13+0.013(t-20)+1.45(c1wt%)263Vol.26No.320016JournalofKunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnologyJun.2001:2000-11-21;:(1972~),,.K=-0.033c+0.013(t-20)+1.61(1-6wt%)K=0.0103t+1.20(6-26wt%)2H2SiF6,SiF2-6,Si(OH)4-xFx-yy((4-X)+y=4,56,F-OH-).:Si(OH)4+4H++6F-SiF2-6+4H2O(1)K:K=[SiF2-6]/([Si(OH)4][H+]4[F-]6).,(1)K,25,I=3.0,lgK=32.33.0.1~3.0,SiF2-6pH2.6~2.7.Na2SO4,pH5.9,IRSiF2-6730cm-1.2.1,,25,H2SiF61.510-4M210-4M,H2SO42.510-2(pH1.3)5.010-2M(pH1).SiF2-6.:SiF2-6+H3+O[SiF5OH2]-+HF(2)[SiF5OH2]-+H3+O[SiF4(OH2)2]+HF(3)[SiF4(OH2)2]SiO2(aq)+4HF(4):SiF2-6+2H+3OSiO2(aq)+6HF[H+]0.01,(2).2.2H2SiF6SiO2,SiO2CF/CSi5.SiO2nH2OH2SiF6,0.05~0.4mol/kg,SiF2-6.SiO2.CF/CSi4.5,HClH2SO44.SiF4.SiO2H2SiF6.19FNMR,HFSiO25H2SiF6:20SiO2+102HF5.5SiF2-6+12[SiF5OH2]-+1.3SiF42H2O+1.2[SiF3(OH2)2OH]H2SiF5,19FNMRSiF2-6SiF-6.SiF-6,SiF2-6SiF-6[SiF4(OH2)2].254MLiClO4:xSiF2-6+(6-x)SiO2+4(6-x)H+6SiF4-xx+2(6-x)H2OKx6(X=45)K46=710-8K56=910-2.:,HFSiO25.4H++5SiF2-6+SiO23[SiF6SiF4]+2H2OH2Si2F10H2Si2F102HFH2SiF6.H2Si2F10H2SiF6.2.3SiF2-6SiF2-6SN1;F-.[SiF5OH2]-SN1CB.I=0.15~2.0,SiF2-6SN1.SiF2-6+6OH-Si(OH)2-6+6F-94262.4H2SiF6H2SiF6:H2SiF6HSiF-6+H+K1=1.349(pK1=-0.13),K1=4(pK1=-0.6).H2SiF6:HSiF-6SIF2-6+H+K20.0120.002(pK2=1.92),25.pKT2=pKm2+3log,pKT2=1.83,.33.13H2SiF6Mg255~20wt%H2SiF61~10gdm-2min-1,45wt%H2SiF60.003gdm-2min-1.Al0.5MH2SiF6AlH2SiF6+2Al+2H2O=2AlF3+SiO2+3H2..AlMg,Mn,SiH2SiF6.SnSnHFH2SiF6,60,H2SiF6.PbH2SiF6,;HF;38wt%H2SiF6.21CrMoV5110.1mol/LH2SiF6301.03mgcm-2h-1,501.25mgcm-2h-1.NiHF,30wt%H2SiF6.70,Ni10wt%H2SiF62.2mm/y.CuHF,30wt%H2SiF6.70,10wt%H2SiF62.8mm/y.ZnH2SiF6.25,0.33NH2SiF63.17mgcm-2h-1.WTiZrVCrMo.,.,,.3.2[3]MgO10~20%(10%),,,.H2SiF6+MgO+5H2O=MgSiF66H2O.PbO(10~20%)(10%),,.H2SiF6+PbO+3H2O=PbSiF64H2O.ZnO.H2SiF6+ZnO+5H2O=ZnSiF66H2O.SiO2FSi5.H2SiF6.SiO2H2SiF6.Bi2O3,,20~60,.Bi2O3H2SiF6,Bi2(SiF6)3Bi2O3(sol).HgOH2SiF6HgSiF6HgO3H2O,H2SHgSCS2-Hg3S2SiF6.100ml15wt%H2SiF6NaOHKOH0.2mol,K2SiF6Na2SiF6.953,:4wt%H2SiF6Ca(OH)2,30minCaF2SiO2.8090,1molH2SiF62molsFe(OH)3,(FeF)SiF6(FeF2)2SiF6,21;FeF+,FeF33H2O.H2SiF6Al(OH)3:H2SiF6+2Al(OH)3=2AlF3+SiO2+4H2O,AlF3.3H2SiF6+2Al(OH)3=2Al2(SiF6)3+6H2O,Al2(SiF6)3+6H2O=2AlF3+3SiO2+12HF,Al(OH)3HF:4Al(OH)3+12HF=4AlF3+12H2O.3.3H2SO4H2SiF6HF,SiF4H2O,H2SiF6HFSiF4.H2SiF6H3BO3HBF4SiO2:2H2SiF6+3H3BO33HBF4+2SiO2+5H2OH2SiF6,pH=4~5,(NH4)2SiF6;H2SiF6:H2SiF6+6NH3+2H2O6NH4F+SiO2H2SiF6NH4F,NH4HF2.3.4H2SiF6NaF:H2SiF6+2NaFNa2SiF6+2HF(lnKp=9.43,GO=-12.64KJ/mol,293K).40~44wt%H2SiF6KMnO4(KMnO4H2O=51)15wt%HMnO4K2SiF6.KMnO4Ca(KMnO4)24H2O.CaCO3CaF2SiO2.CaSiF6,:CaSiF6+CaCO3=3CaF2+SiO2+2CO2,.37~45%H2SiF6,.:[1]GmetinHandbook.SiSuppl:B8[M],1993.120~177.[2],,.[M]:..:.1998:262~263.[3],,.[C]..:.1994:1706~1708.ThepropertiesofH2SiF6WANGJun-zhong,WEIChang,JIANGQi(TheFacultyofMaterialsandMetallurgicalEngineering,KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Kunming650093,China)AbstractNatureandcomposition,physicalpropertiesandchemicalreactionsofaqueoussolutionofH2SiF6arepresented.Vaporpressure,densities,andspreadingcoefficienthavesomethingwiththeconcentrationofH2SiF6.InaqueousH2SiF6solutiontherearevariousdynamicalequilibriaanddissolutionofSiO2oftenhappens.InstrongacidicoralkalinesolutionsSIF2-6decomposes.AqueousH2SiF6canreactwithmetalsandalloys,oxides,hydroxidesandinorganicionsandcompounds.Keywords:aqueoussolutionofH2SiF6;composition;properties9626