中英思维方式对比PPT

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中英思维方式对比语言————思维方式体现反作用思维方式:中VS英中国思维形象思维本体思维顺向思维重整体偏综合性思维重直觉“悟性”直线思维重伦理英美思维逻辑思维客体思维逆向思维重个体偏分析性思维重实证曲线思维重认知•中国:Figurativethinking尚像—偏重形象起源:象形文字英美:Logicalthinking尚思—偏重抽象起源:腓尼基字母胸有成竹:Tohaveabambooinone’schestTohaveawellthought-outplan水深火热的生活:LeadalifeindeepwaterandhotfireLeadalifeforextremehardship•小伙子年轻年轻漂亮,脑子里却是一张白纸。•Aniceenoughyoungfellow,youunderstand,nothingupstairs.•我军势如破竹,打得敌军落花流水。•Ourarmywonasmoothandoverwhelmingvictory.•三个人品字式坐下,随便谈了几句。•Thethreemensatdownfacingeachotherandbegancasuallychatting.•聪明人防患于未然,愚蠢者临渴掘井。•Wisdompreparestheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.形象思维:具体形象的词——抽象事物——借物言志抽象思维:抽象名词——具体事物——指称意义实明直显象虚暗泛隐曲《秋思》—马致远枯藤老树昏鸦小桥流水人家古道西风瘦马O’eroldtreewreathedwithrottenflyeveningcrows;’Neathtinybridgebesideaclearstreamflows;Onancientroadinwesternbreezealeanhorsegoes;----许渊冲译《商山早行》--温庭筠•鸡声茅店月•人迹板桥霜•Thecockcrowsasthemoonseto’erthatchedinn;•Footprintsareleftonwoodbridgepavedwithfrost.•许渊冲译•中国:本体型思维•以人为中心来观察、分析、推理和研究事物的思维方式•英美:客体型思维•把客观自然界作为观察、分析、推理和研究的中心本体VS客体思维Shehasbeenawidowonlysixmonths.译1:她只当了6个月的寡妇。译2:她的丈夫死了至今不过半年。Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上,一点脚步声也没有。本体VS客体思维•我想到了:这是只熟鸟,也许自幼养在笼中。•Itoccurstomethatitmustbeatamebird.•他赢钱赢得那么多,无怪乎眼红的人,赌输的人,有时说起这件事情便发牢骚。•Hissuccessesweresorepeatedthatnowondertheenviousandthevanquishedspokesometimeswithbitternessregardingthem.顺向思维VS逆向思维中国:面向着过去来区分时间先后“前”—过去的时间“后”-未来的时间英美:面向着未来过去:Back,after,past将来:Forward,before,futureThemotherisnotthere,shetookoffafewyearsback.------TheLoons登幽州台歌•前不见古人,•后不见来者,•念天地之悠悠,•独怆然而泪下OnclimbingtheToweratYouzhouWherethesagesofthepast,Andthoseoffutureyears,Skyandearthforeverlast,Lonely,Ishedsadtears.顺向VS逆向思维您先请九五折自学东北西南钢铁工业水火不容不管晴雨•Afteryou!•Afivepercentdiscount•Self-taught•Northeastsouthwest•Ironandsteelindustry•Asincompatibleasfireandwater•Rainorshine中国:重整体偏重综合性(从多到一)对称与和谐语法的隐含性句法的意合性词义的笼统与模糊性英美:重个体偏重分析性思维(由一到多)语法的外显性句法的形合性词义的具体性重整体VS重个体•起源——造字法中国:形声造字法英美:”原子主义“=原子核+核外电子”木”旁:松柏桃李树林Pine,cypress,peach,plum,tree,forest“水“旁:江河湖泊海洋深浅river,lake,sea,ocean,deep,shallow综合性VS分析性•春花含苞待放,绿叶缓缓舒展,溪水潺潺流淌,欢乐的春天涌动着无限的追求和希望,这一切难以用语言倾诉表达。•Springhassomuchmorethanspeechinitsunfoldingflowersandleaves,andthecoursingofitsstreams,andinits•sweetrestlessseeking!•(JohnGalesworthyTheAppleTree)对称与和谐•生存在功利社会,奔波劳顿,勾心斗角,若想做到从心所欲,难哉兮!•Inabusinesssociety,wherepeoplerunaboutinpursuitofpersonalgainsattheexpenseofothers,itisreallydifficulttodoasyouplease.对称与和谐•善欲人见,不是真善;恶恐人知,便是大恶。•Agooddeedisnogooddeedifitisdoneforshow.Anevilisalltheworseifitiscoveredup•时(tense)体(aspect)•语态(voice)语气(mood)•我完全被吸引住了,死死地盯着看,一个同伴问我是不是认识这肖像。我就在想,除了几个我认识的人外,我肯定是唯一知道的人了。•Iwastotallyarrested,andasIstoodgazingonit,mycompanionaskedmeifIknewthewhoitwas.Iwasthinkingthat,beyondafewwhomcouldname,Imustbealmosttheonlypersonwhocouldknow.语法的隐形VS显性意合VS形合•意合—靠句子内部的逻辑关系•形合---靠语言本身•AndItakeheartfromthefactthattheenemies,whoboastthattheycanoccupythestrategicpointinacoupleofhours,havenotyetbeenabletotakeeventheoutlyingregions,becauseofthestiffresistancethatgetsintheway.•由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几小时就能占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带,这一事实使我增强了信心。词义的朦胧VS具体•汉语词义较笼统,英语语义较具体“车来了”Herecomesthe…”车=bus,minibus,lorry,taxi,bike,motorcycle…“借我一支笔”笔=pen,ballpen,pencil,apieceofchalk,colorpen直觉VS实证•中国:•重直觉,”悟性“,”天人合一“•英美:•重实证,理性知识,”天人相分•1)热得我满身大汗。•Theheatmademesweat.•Iwassweatingallover.•2)不坚持,就会失败。•Onewillfailunlessonepreserves.直线思维VS曲线思维•Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.•(J.Austen,Prideandprejudice)•凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶个太太,这是一条举世公认的真理。直线思维VS曲线思维•Soccerisaverydifficultsport.(1)Aplayermustbeabletorunsteadilywithoutrest.(2)Sometimesaplayermusthittheballwithhisorherhead.(3)Playersmustbewillingtobangintoandbebangedintobyothers.(4)Theymustputupwithachingfeetandsoremuscles.重伦理VS认知•中国:•重伦理,集体主义,”大—小“,•顺其自然,听天由命•英美:•重认知,个人主义,”小—大“探求自然•InJune1990,hegraduatedfromtheEnglishDepartment,PekingUniversity.•他于1990年6月毕业于北京大学英语系。申奥演讲看中英思维差异•集体主义和个人主义•对比两篇演讲中的人称代词出现的频率:政府,我国,我们我李岚清143布莱尔913Thankyou!

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