电子助力转向系统毕业设计

兰州工业学院汽车工程学院I汽车助力转向系统的设计摘要随着人们生活水平的提高，购买汽车已经不再是一件很困难的事情了，因此汽车在安全性、舒适性以及稳定方面越来越受到大家的关注，汽车转向系统的性能是汽车的稳定性和安全性的重要指标之一，助力转向，顾名思义，是协助驾驶员作汽车方向调整，为驾驶员减轻打方向盘的用力强度，降低了驾驶员的工作量，对减轻疲劳驾驶有很大的帮助。本论文首先介绍了传统的汽车助力转向系统的发展历程，以及传统的液压助力转向系统的工作原理，并在此基础上提出了本论文的控制流量式液压助力转向系统，本人通过建立流量数学模型，在以单片机为主控芯片的基础上，设计了电子控制单元，根据各个传感器收集到的信号反馈，来达到准确控制电液比例阀，从而实现转向助力系统。论文在最后的章节中设计了试验测试，检验单片机对各个电子系统的控制效果。测试结果表明，各个电子单元可以正常运行，可以满足实现液压助力转向系统的需要。关键词：汽车，单片机，助力转向，驾驶员兰州工业学院汽车工程学院IIAUTOPOWERSTEERINGSYSTEMDESIGNABSTRACTAspeoplelivingstandardrise,buyingacarisnolongerisaverydifficultthing,socarsinsafety,comfortandstabilityofmoreandmorepeopleconcern,carturnedtotheperformanceofthesystemisthestabilityandsecurityofthecarimportantindicatorsof,powersteering,justasitsnameimplies,istoassistthedriverforautomobiledirectionadjustedforthedriversofthesteeringwheelhardreducestrength,andtoreducetheworkloadofthedrivertoreducefatiguedriving,hasverygreathelp.Thispaperfirstlyintroducesthetraditionalvehiclepowersteeringsystemdevelopmentcourse,andtraditionalhydraulicsteeringsystemprincipleofwork,andproposedinthisfoundationofthispapercontrolflowtypehydraulicsteeringsystem,Ithroughtheestablishmentofmathematicalmodel,inordertoflowasthecontrollerchipmicrocontrollerweredesignedonthebasisoftheelectroniccontrolunit,accordingtovarioussensorstocollectfeedback,thesignaltoaccuratecontrolelectrohydraulicproportionalvalve,soastorealizethesteeringsystem.Inthefinalsectionofthepaperwasdesignedwiththechiptothetest,testeachelectricalsystemcontroleffect.Thetestresultsshowthateachelectronicunitcanrunnormally,cansatisfyrealizehydraulicsteeringsystemneeds.KEYWORDS：Automobile,SingleChipMicro-computer,PowerAssistedSteering,Driver兰州工业学院汽车工程学院III目录第1章汽车助力转向系统介绍........................................................................1§1.1汽车助力转向系统的分类................................................................1§1.2汽车转向系统的发展过程................................................................2§1.2.1传统的机械式助力转向系统...................................................3§1.2.2传统的液压式助力转向系统...................................................4第2章液压助力转向系统的原理分析...............................................................6§2.1液压控制阀的结构介绍.....................................................................6§2.2汽车直线行驶时液压控制阀的状态..................................................8§2.3汽车左转向时液压控制阀的状态......................................................9§2.4汽车右转向时液压控制阀的状态....................................................10第3章汽车液压式ESP控制系统设计..........................................................12§3.1液压式ESP系统工作原理...............................................................12§3.2液压式ESP转向系统.......................................................................13§3.3主要元器件介绍...............................................................................15§3.3.1单片机...................................................................................15§3.3.2转换电路及转换控制电路构成.............................................18§3.4单片机控制系统...............................................................................20§3.4.1单片机信号采集系统............................................................20§3.4.2单片机控制系统电路.............................................................21§3.5控制器的设计...................................................................................23§3.5.1控制策略的介绍....................................................................23§3.5.2PID算法.................................................................................24第4章汽车液压式ESP控制系统模拟试验..................................................26§4.1液压式模拟试验台工作原理............................................................26§4.2液压式模拟试验台测控系统设计....................................................26§4.2.1试验台测控系统的模拟测试.................................................26§4.2.2试验台测控单元的功能.........................................................27§4.3程序的编写......................................................................................28兰州工业学院汽车工程学院IV§4.4传感器..............................................................................................28§4.4.1光电车速传感器....................................................................28§4.4.2光电车速传感器技术指标.....................................................29§4.4.3光电车速传感器技术性能.....................................................30§4.4.4光电车速传感器的模拟.........................................................30§4.5测试结果..........................................................................................33结束语..............................................................................................................35参考文献...........................................................................................................36致谢................................................................................................................38附录1..............................................................................................................39附录2.....................................................................................................