大学英语-翻译课件-笔译(被动语态)

被动语态的翻译英语中被动语态使用广泛。凡是在不必要说出主动者，不愿说出主动者，无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往都用被动语态。汉语中虽也有被动语态，但使用范围狭窄得多。英语被动语态的句子，翻译成汉语时，很多情况下都可译成主动句，但也有一些可以保持被动语态。一、译成汉语主动句(一)原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyremoved.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。Ontheirdomesticstations,eventsintheMiddleEastweredismissedbriefly.在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。(二)原文中的主语在译文中作宾语Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization,butatacostofover200BelgianandFrenchlives.大战终了时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。Itwouldbeastonishingifthatlosswerenotkeenlyfelt.如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。练习Themobilephoneboomisdrivenbytheyoungadults.Promisingyoungexecutivesaremoremotivatedbytheprospectofchallengeandresponsibility.Theever-increasingdemandforprivatecarscouldbehaltedbymoreinvestmentinpublictransport.(三)采用状语作形式上的主语来翻译MovieswerefirstmadeinHollywoodbeforeWWI.一战前好莱坞首次制作了电影。In1849goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFranciscoandsostartedthefamousGoldRush.1849年加州旧金山附近的山里发现了黄金，由此开始了有名的淘金热。练习1.TheconsumerspendingwasdampenedintheregionalfinancialcrisisinAsia.2.Thenation’sfervorforbrand-namegoodscan’tbequenchedevenintheeconomicrecessioninJapan.(四)常用被动语态句型的翻译1．不加主语Itissaid/reported/supposedthat…据报道、据说、据推测Itmustbeadmitted/pointedoutthat…必须承认、必须指出Itishopedthat…希望Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat…可以好不夸张地说Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可见2．可加主语Itisassertedthat…有人主张Itisbelievedthat…有人相信（认为）Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…大家认为Itiswell-knownthat…大家知道、众所周知Itwillbesaidthat…有人会说Itwastoldthat…有人曾经说练习1.Itisbelievedthatnuclearpowerisamongthegreatestinnovationsofourtime.Butitisalsofeareditwillbringtheendoftheworld.2.Scienceisoftenreferredtoasadouble-edgedsword,increasingourwealthandcomfortwhileleavingpeopleinfearofpotentialdangerslikehumancloning.3.Itiscommonlybelievedthathotclimatesreducepeople’senergyandthatpeopleofthesouthwalkandtalkmoreslowlythanthebusynortherners.4.TheNationalSecurityAgencyinUSisaccusedofreadingotherpeople’se-mailsaroundtheworldinitssearchformilitaryandcommercialsecrets.二、译成汉语被动句(一)采用多种被动词1)Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbypeopleallovertheworld.我国的外交政策受到了全世界人民的支持。2)Americansprefertodisciplinethemselvesratherthanbedisciplinedbyothers.3)Apolicecourtispresidedoverbyamagistrate,whotriesthecaseswithoutajury.4)IstartedtoexplainthatIcouldnotdomybestsincemyspectacleshadbeentakenawayfromme,butshewouldn’tletmefinish.5)IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.(二)采用原主语，省略被动词1)Theriskoftheglobalnuclearconflicthasbeengreatlyreduced.2)Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Inmuchoftheworld,authorityisnotchallengedeitheroutofrespectoroutoffear,sometimes,toobecauseahierarchyofrankhasbeenfixedforsolongthatpeoplehavebeentrainedforgenerationsnevertochallengeit.Insuchcountrieschildrenarenotexpectedtoquestiontheirteachersinschool,andbrilliantyoungscholarsorinventiveindustrialgeniusesarehamperedintechnicalresearchbecausetheyhesitatetodisagreewiththeirsuperiors.Cleverresearchersmaybeconsideredtooyoungtohaveanyrighttopresentfindingsthatcontradictknowledgeandwisdomoftheirelders.However,theAmericanistrainedfromchildhoodtoquestion,analyzeandsearch.Childrenwillbetoldtogolookthingsupforthemselves.Schooltasksaredesignedtostimulatetheuseofawiderangeofmaterials.Evenintheprimarygrades,childrenaretaughttouselibraries,andtosearchfornewideas.Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”,theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely–alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasuresofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.