雅思基础语法

雅思基础语法VinoYuLesson6•虚拟语气•倒装句（部分倒装）•课程总结ApoemIfyouwereateardropinmyeye,Forfearoflosingyou,Iwouldnevercry.Andifthegoldensunshouldceasetoshineitslight,Justonesmilefromyouwouldmakemywholeworldbright.什么是虚拟语气？•专门用于表达“假设意义”及其他“非事实意义”的动词形态e.g.1.Hewouldhavebeentherebynowifhehadnotmissedthetrain.2.WhateverbeJohn’sdefense,wecannottoleratethisdisloyalty.虚拟语气•e.g.•‘IfweappliedtheRussiantrainingmodeltosomeofoutstandingrunnerswehaveinthiscountry,’Yessisasserts,‘theywouldbebreakingrecordsleftandright.’(剑4，T4，R1)•Yessis断言：“如果对我们国内的一些杰出赛跑运动员采取俄罗斯的训练模式，他们将会经常破纪录。”基本句型虚拟时间If从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与过去事实相反haddone/hadbeenwould/should/could/might+havedone/been与现在事实相反did/werewould/should/could/might+do与将来事实相反did/wereto/should+dowould/should/could/might+do与现在事实相反•If从句谓语形式：did/were•主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might+doe.g.1.Ifshewerenotsick,shecouldcomeandhaveagreattimewithustogethernow.2.Ifyouwatchedmoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourfilm.与过去事实相反•If从句谓语形式：haddone/hadbeen•主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might+havedone/beene.g.1.Iftheyhadstudiedearlier,theywouldhavepassedtheexam.2.Helenwouldhavegraduatedwithherclassifshehadbeenabletomeetalltherequirementsintime.与将来事实相反•If从句谓语形式：did/wereto/should+do•主句谓语形式：would/should/could/might+doe.g.1.Ifitrainedtomorrow,Iwouldprepareformytest.2.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,Iwouldgotomakeasnowmaninfrontofourdormitory.3.Ifyouweretoseeyourtutor,whatwouldyoutellhimaboutyourEnglish-learningplan?错综的虚拟语气If从句谓语形式虚拟时间主句谓语形式haddone/hadbeen与过去事实相反would/should/could/might+have+done/beendid/were与现在事实相反would/should/could/might+dodid/wereto/should+do与将来事实相反would/should/could/might+do错综的虚拟语气e.g.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavetoldthattoher.(从句现在，主句过去）2.HadItakenmyumbrellawithmeinthemorning,Ishouldnotbewetnow.(从句过去，主句现在)3.Ifheknewtheinformation,heshouldnotregretthedecision.(从句现在，主句将来)虚拟语气的倒装•省略条件句中的if，should,were,had等助动词提前e.g.1.Weretherenoair,therewouldbenolifearoundtheearth.（现在）2.Hadhebeenolder,hemighthaveunderstoodthisquestion.（过去）3.Werethistohappenagain,youwouldbepunishedseverely.（将来）4.Shouldyouhaveanyquestions,feelfreetocallme.（将来＋现在）Task•选择1.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet2.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach3.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe4.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind5.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.rained•CDCAATask填空1.IfI_____(buy)asecond-handcar,I_____(notneed)totakeoutthisbigbankloan.2.Itprobably_____(notbe)sobadifthepriceofpetrol_______(notdouble)lastmonth.3.IfI______(wait)abitbeforebuyingthecar,I_____(manage)tosavequiteabitbynow.4.IfonlyI_____(listen)tohim,noneofthis______(happen).5.Ifyou________(get)betterwithhim,you______(listen)tohim.6.IfI________(take)hisadvice,I_____(own)asmallfortunenow.Task•1.IfIboughtasecond-handcar,Iwouldnotneedtotakeoutthisbigbankloan.•2.Itprobablywouldnotbesobadifthepriceofpetrolhadnotdoubledlastmonth.•3.IfIhadwaitedabitbeforebuyingthecar,Icouldhavemanagedtosavequiteabitbynow.•4.IfonlyIhadlistenedtohim,noneofthiswouldhappen.•5.Ifyougotbetterwithhim,youmightlistentohim.•6.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldownasmallfortunenow.倒装•翻译•车来了。•Thebusiscoming.•Herecomesthebus.•我再也不信你说的任何话了。•Iwillnolongerbelieveawordyousay.•NolongerwillIbelieveawordyousay.基本语序（naturalorder）：主语+谓语+宾语IloveEnglish.谓语+主语完全倒装(fullinversion)Herecametheheadmaster.助动词/情态动词+主语+动词部分倒装(partialinversion)NeverwillIforgiveyou.部分倒装•be、情态动词提到主语前，主语前加助动词e.g.•Sointergralhavethesetime-basedtechnologiesbecometoday-to-dayexistencethatourdependencyonthemisrecognisedwhentheyfailtowork.（剑8，T1，R1）•这些以时间为基础的技术已完全成为日常生活的一部分，只有当它们无法正常工作时，我们才会意识到人类多么依赖这些技术。常见用法•so+从句用部分倒装e.g.•Sosurprisedisthegirlthatshedoesn’tknowwhattosay.•SodifficultaproblemisitthatIcan’tworkitout.•Sofastdidherunthatwecouldn’tbelieveoureyes..常见用法•only+状语或状语从句置于句首，主句用部分倒装e.g.•Onlywhenmanystudiesarecombinedinameta-analysiswillthefaintsignaloftelepathyreallybecomeapparent.（剑8，T1，R3）•只有当大量研究结合在一个荟萃分析之中，心灵感应的微弱信号才会真正明显起来。常见用法•Never,hardly,little,scarcely,no,not,only等放句首会引起句子部分倒装e.g.•Neverbeforehastheplanet’slinguisticsdiversityshrunkatsuchapace.(剑4，T2，R1)•地球上语言的多样性从未以如此惊人的速度降低过。常见用法•notuntil+从句（不倒）+主句（倒）e.g.•Hethereforereadwidelyinscienceandthearts,butnotuntil1772didhecomeacrossabookonastronomy.(剑2,G,TA,R)•Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.•Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.常见用法•notonly提到句首并且实行部分倒，but后不倒e.g.Notonlyaremanyfacilitiesbuiltontheisland,butalsotheseaisusedforactivities.(剑9，T1，W1)不仅岛上建造了很多设施，而且海洋也被用于活动。Task•填空1.Overallwecanseethatnotonly____thereverylargedifferencesbetweenthetwoeconomiesbutthatthesegapsarewidening.(剑3,T3,W)2.Notonly___moreofthebraininvolvedinplaythanwassuspected,butitalsoseemstoactivatehighercognitiveprocess.(剑4,T2,R)3.Asaudiencesgrew,so____theplaceswherefilmswereshown.(剑4,G,TA