跨国公司在华研发趋势及我国技术创新对策研究

中南民族大学硕士学位论文跨国公司在华研发趋势及我国技术创新对策研究姓名：崔海娇申请学位级别：硕士专业：企业管理指导教师：肖文韬20060525IIIIIIAbstractTechnologyinnovationcanberegardedasthemostimportantoneamongthethreefactors:productiveelements,industrialstructureandtechnologyinnovation,fromtheperspectiveofeconomicgrowth.Thefirsttwofactorsaredeterminedbythelastone.Technologyinnovationcanovercomethedifficultiesofdecreasingmarginalbenefitofcapitalandcanbringnewproductsandnewindustriestomarket,soitinfluencesthesituationofindustrystructuretoagreatextent.Then,topromoteacountry’sorsociety’sdevelopmentofeconomyandproductivitygrowth,thedevelopmentoftechnologyinnovationmustbepromotedfirst.Andtopromotethedevelopmentoftechnologyinnovation,studyonsubjectoftechnologyinnovationisnecessary.Enterprisescanhavesomeadvantagesduringtheprocessofresearchinginthefieldofapplyingtechnology,fortheyfacetherelevantmarketdirectlyandcancapturethenewmarketinformationaccurately.Andmultinationalcorporationsplayanimportantroleinthefieldoftechnologyinnovationfortheirplentyofcapitalandexcellenttechnicians.Uptonow,multinationalcorporationshaveestablishedsomedifferentR&Dinstitutions.Anditcanlendahandtothoseenterprisesinourcountrytostudythisphenomenon.MultinationalcorporationsenteredChinaonalargescalesince1990th,mainlyadoptingtechnologytransferandtechnologycooperationways.ManymultinationalcorporationsestablishedR&DcenterinChinatobuilduptheircompetenceinChinesemarketwiththeenlargementofdomesticmarketandthedevelopmentofChineseeconomy.TherearemainlythreekindsofstylesbywhichmultinationalcorporationsenteredChinesemarket.ThefirstoneistoestablishexclusiveinvestmentR&DInstitute.ThesecondoneistocooperatewithUniversitiesandInstitutesinChina.Thethirdistoformulatestrategicalliancewithdomesticenterprises.ThoseplacesthatmultinationalcorporationshavechosenfortheirR&DagenciesinChinausuallyareBeijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou,whichareimportanteconomyzonecentersandtheformertwoaccountforalargeshare.TheinfluencethatmultinationalcorporationsinvestforR&Discomplex.Ontheonehand,thisactioncanhaveaneffectonthetechnologyinnovationactionofdomesticenterprises.ThoseR&DactionsthatmultinationalcorporationstakecanenhancethecapacityoftechnologyinnovationofdomesticenterprisesthroughspillovereffectofR&D,canbringalotofexperiencetoourcountry,canpromotedomesticenterprises’capacityoftechnologyinnovationdirectly,canimposeinfluenceonthedirectionofdomesticscienceandtechnologytosomeextent.Ontheotherhand,thisactioncanbeashocktodomesticR&Dactions.Multinationalcorporationsusuallydon’tconsiderthetruedomestictechnologyneedandtheintegrityoftechnologyinnovation.Atthesametime,multinationalcorporationshavebeenattractingexcellentemployeeswithattractivesalary,whichperhapswillresultinbrain-drainofdomesticenterprises.Thesetwofactorsdamagethedecision-makingpowerofdomesticenterprises’technologyinnovationaction.Thecooperationbetweenmultinationalcorporationsanddoesticenterprisesisactuallyunequalinmanycasesforthedifferenceofcapitalandthismakethecompetitionmuchintense.TheresultthatmultinationalIVcorporationstakeR&DactionsinChinaperhapsistomakedomesticenterprisesrelyonmultinationalcorporationsnotonlyinmarketbutalsointechnology.Wecanbenefitalotfromcomparingthenationalinnovationsystemofothercountriesandanalyzingthereasonsandbackgroundofthem,whichcanhelpustoconstructandperfectourownnationalinnovationsystemandlayasolidfoundationfortheworkoftechnologyinnovation.IndiaissimilartoChinainmanyaspects.ThebrillantachievementsthatIndiagainbyitsgrowthmodelofrelyingonself-ownedcapitalisremarkable.So,Indiastillhavecontinuablegrowthpotentialandit’simportantforustoinvestigatedetailsofIndianNationalInnovationSystem.TounveiltheintentionthatmultinationalcorporationstakeR&DactionsinIndiathroughcomputersoftwareindustrycanmakeusdeeplyunderstandothercountry’sstrengthanddomesticweaknesses.Toexploretheorientofthedifference,wecanunveilthedeeperfactorswhichleadtotheformulationofinnovationingredientsfromnationaltraditionalculturebyusinggeography-decidingtheorytool.Ifthoseingredientsonculturelevelcanbecomparedto“orient”,thenR&Dinvestmentofmultinationalcorporationscanbecalled“flow”,andnationalinnovationsystemcanbecomparedto“riverbed”.ThefirstfeatureofIndianNationalInnovationSystemisthatitsadvancedhighereducationliesinthefirstgroupandproducesalargeamountofhighqualityemployeesforIndianhigh-technologyindustry.ThesecondoneisthatIndianventurecapitalwassetupearlyandrelevantlaw,regulationsandpoliciesareperfect.Thosefinancialstimulationaimedattechnologyperformwell.ThethirdoneisthatIndianlawsaimedatprotectingintellectualpropertyrightsareperfectandarepracticedeffectively.Basedonaboveanalysis,somesuggestionsandpolicyactionsareputforward.Forgovernment,itisbelievednecessarytoprovideaninstitutionalenvironmentthatisfavourablefortechnologyinnovation,toerectandperfectaremarkableeducationsystem,toformulateandpracticepoliciesandlawsaimedatstimulatingandprotectingtechnologyinnovation.Forenterprises,itisconsideredimportanttoconsolidatetheircooperationwithdomesticenterprises,Universitiesandscientificandtechnologicinstitutions,toinc