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Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.◆重点语法一：动词不定式语法全解：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。1.动词不定式的构成：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to要省去；动词不定式的否定形式是“notto+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语。●Hewantedtositdown.他想坐下。●Letmehavealookatthatletter.我来看看那封信吧。●Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.他们请他在宴会上唱了一首流行歌曲。●Tellhimnottoleavealone.告诉他不要一个人离开。●IthoughtItoldyounottotouchanything！我想我告诉过你什么都不要碰的！2.动词不定式的用法句法功能用法例句作宾语多作及物动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。（常用动词：want,hope,begin,learn,try,decide,agree,refuse,expect,plan...）Heagreedtomeetmeatthestation.他同意在车站接我。Ipromisedtohelpher.我答应帮她。作宾语补足语常用动词：ask,tell,want,expect,like,wish,wouldlike...HeaskedmetotalkaboutEnglishstudy.他要求我谈谈有关英语学习的事。Shewantsherbrothertogotouniversity.她想让她的弟弟去上大学。作主语动词不定式可放在句首作主语，后跟的谓语动词用单数形式。通常表示即将发生的行为或将来的行为时用动词不定式作主语。Tobeateacherinthefutureismydream.在将来做一名老师是我的梦想。TogiveLiuYiapenforherbirthdayisagoodidea.给刘艺一支钢笔作为她的生日礼物是一个不错的想法。作定语动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.在饰的名词或代词后，作后置定语。这个问题上我没什么要说的。CanyoutellmeagoodwaytoimprovemyEnglish?你能教我一条提高我英语的好方法吗？作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语，主要表示目的、原因和结果等。Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.为了赶火车，他早早地起床了。（表目的）I’msorrytohearthat.听到那件事我很难过。（表原因）Heistooyoungtounderstandallthat.他太年轻了，不能理解那一切。（表结果）作表语动词不定式可放在连系动词be后面，作表语。Hisdreamistobeabusdriver.他的梦想是成为一名公交司机。3.动词不定式不带to的情况①在固定词组hadbetter之后。注意：hadbetterdosth.的否定形式是hadbetternotdosth.。●Youhadbettergohomenow.你最好现在回家。●It’scoldoutside.You’dbetternotgoout.外面很冷，你最好不要出去。②在使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语时，不带to。这些动词可归纳为：一感（feel）二听（listento,hear）三让（let,make,have）四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）●Imadethemgivemethemoneyback.我迫使他们把钱还给了我。●Ididn’tseeyoucomein.我没看见你进来。③在whynot之后。“Whynot+不带to的不定式？”与“Whydon’tyoudo...?”同义，可以用来提出建议或劝告。●Whynotgowithus?为什么不和我们一起去呢？●Whynottakeaholiday?=Whydon’tyoutakeaholiday?为什么不休个假呢？④动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时，可带to也可不带to。●Couldyouhelpme(to)carrytheheavybox?你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？4.动词不定式还可以放在特殊疑问词what,when,how,where等后，与特殊疑问词构成不定式短语，这种含特殊疑问词的不定式短语在句中又可作主语，表语，宾语或宾语补足语等。●Howtoimprovetheenvironmentistheproblemthatwearediscussing.（作主语）如何改善环境是我们正在讨论的问题。●Idon’tknowwheretofindapostoffice.（作宾语）我不知道哪儿找得到邮局。●Hehasn’ttolduswhattodonext.（作宾语补足语）他并没有告诉我们下一步要做什么。【巩固练习】I.根据句意。用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.______________(read)someEnglisharticles(文章)everydayisagoodwaytolearnEnglishwell.2.SomestudentshaveimprovedtheirEnglishbylearning_______(use)grammarinoriginalsentences.3.Whentheoldmanisfree,heoftencomestowatchus_______(play)basketball.4.LiPing,pleaseaskyourfriends___________(notbother)thecows.Look,theyareeatinggrass.5.ThewomantoldMrMushedidn’tknowhow________(encourage)hersontostudyhard.6.Hepromised_________(see)hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.7.Manychildrenareleftaloneinthecountryside.Let’stryourbest_________(help)them.8.Myteacherdidn’ttellme___________(做什么)next.9.Don’tworry.Letme_________(carry)itforyou.10.Weareplanningtoraisesomemoney__________(set)upaschoolforthepoorchildreninthemountainvillagesinthewestofYunnan.【答案及解题思路】1.Toread或Reading解题思路：动词不定式Toread作主语。此时可与Reading替换，区别不大。2.touse解题思路：动词不定式touse作宾语，learn后的动词要加to，即learntodosth.学会做某事。3.play解题思路：本题关键词是watch，其后的动词不定式不带to。4.nottobother解题思路：ask后的动词要加to，asksb.todosth.的否定形式为asksb.nottodosth.。5.toencourage解题思路：解题关键词是how，疑问词how后接动词不定式，故填howtoencourage。6.tosee解题思路：解题关键词是promise许诺，后加动词不定式作宾语，即promisetodosth.许诺做某事。7.tohelp解题思路：动词不定式tohelp作状语，表示目的。8.whattodo解题思路：动词不定式和疑问词what连用。9.carry解题思路：使役动词let后的动词不定式不带to。10.toset解题思路：动词不定式toset作状语，表示目的。II.单项选择()1.Asavolunteer,thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital_____themup.A.tocheerB.cheerC.cheeringD.cheered()2.YoushouldaskBob______hisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.A.washB.washesC.washingD.towash()3.Tomhasdecided______apart-timejobafterhegraduatesfromschool.A.todoB.doC.didD.doing()4.─Maryisverygenerous.─Yes,shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned_____peopleinneed.A.tohelpB.tohelpingC.helpedD.helping()5.Hemadeus______bymakingfaces.A.tolaughB.laughingC.laughD.laughed()6.─Mom,whynot_____hamburgersinsteadofdumplings?─Goodidea.I’llgetforyou.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had()7.Ourmathteacheralwaystellsus_____makethesamemistakesagain.A.don’tB.notC.tonotD.notto()8.Thisphysicsproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme_____,WangLin?A.whattoworkitoutB.whattoworkoutitC.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutit()9.Hewalked_______fastforus_____catchupwith.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.enough;toD.too;to()10.Thoseyoungpeoplearewaiting______thepopularsongstarsfromHongKong.A.seeB.sawC.seeingD.tosee()11.Internetbarsmustn’tletpeopleunder18inorletanybody_____badthings.A.watchB.towatchC.watchingD.watches()12.ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven’tdecided_________.A.whattobuyB.howtogoC.wheretogoD.whichtochoose()13.Heraisedhisvoicetomakeeverybodyintheroom______himclearly.A.heardB.hearC.tohearD.hearing()14.AfterthePEclass,theteacherofferedussomething________.A.drinkB.drinkingC.drunkD.todrink()15.Thechemistryproblemisratherdifficultforme.I’vethoughtaboutitforalongtime,butIstilldon’tknow__________.A.whattodoB.howtodoC.whattodealwithD.howtodealwith【答案及解题思路】1.答案：A解题思路：设空处“tocheerthemup使他们高兴”是女孩去探望生病儿童的目的。2.答案：D解题思路：此题解题关键词是“ask让”，a