水稻实地氮肥管理的氮肥利用效率及其生理原因

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2009,35(9):1672−1680:[e-mail](30771274)(2006BAD02A13-3-2)*(Correspondingauthor):,E-mail:[e-mail];Tel:[phone]:E-mail:[e-mail];Tel:[phone]Received():2008-12-19;Accepted(:2009-04-22.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01672水稻实地氮肥管理的氮肥利用效率及其生理原因刘立军杨立年孙小淋王志琴杨建昌*,225009:,(SSNM),SSNM(FFP)48.1%~63.0%,0.1%~9.3%SSNMFFP31.4%~56.8%143.6%~166.0%,SSNMFFPSSNMFFP,SSNM()FFPSSNMFd-SSNMFFP,SSNM,,:;;;Fertilizer-NitrogenUseEfficiencyandItsPhysiologicalMechanismunderSite-SpecificNitrogenManagementinRiceLIULi-Jun,YANGLi-Nian,SUNXiao-Lin,WANGZhi-Qin,andYANGJian-Chang*KeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticsandPhysiologyofJiangsuProvince,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,ChinaAbstract:Nitrogen(N)fertilizerisoneofthemostimportantfactorsaffectinggrainyieldinrice.HighNinputsandlowuseeffi-ciencyisamainprobleminriceproductioninChina.Site-specificNmanagement(SSNM)hasbeenconsideredasanewtech-niquewhichcouldincreaseNuseefficiencyinrice.However,itsunderlyingmechanismisnotunderstood.Inthisstudy,onein-dicahybridShanyou63andtwojaponicacultivarsWuyujing3andYangjing9538werefield-grown,andtwotreatments,SSNMandfarmers’fertilizerpractice(FFP),wereconducted.TheresultsshowedthatSSNMreducedNrateby48.1–63.0%andin-creasedgrainyieldby0.1–9.3%whencomparedwithFFP.Recoveryefficiencyandagronomicefficiencyoffertilizer-NunderSSNMwereincreasedby31.4–56.8%and143.6–166.0%,respectively,ascomparedwiththoseunderFFP.ThepeakofNuptakeappearedduringtheperiodfrompanicleinitiationtoheading.TheNuptakeduringthisperiodanditsratiotototalNuptakedur-ingthewholegrowthstageweresignificantlyhigherunderSSNMthanunderFFP.TheamountofNuptakeafterheadingunderSSNMwasalsomuchhigherthanthatunderFFP.Frompanicleinitiation,rootweightandactivity(especiallyrootactivityperstem)underSSNMwerehigherthanthoseunderFFP.SSNMalsosignificantlyincreasedtheactivitiesofglutaminesynthetase,nitratereductaseandFd-glutamatesynthaseinleavesatthepanicleinitiationandheadingstages.PhotosyntheticrateoftheflagleaveswasalsoobviouslygreaterunderSSNMthanunderFFP.TheseresultsindicatedthatSSNMcouldpromoterootgrowth,increasematterproductionandnutrientuptakeduringthemidandlategrowthperiods,leadingtohigherfertilizer-Nuseefficiencyinrice.Keywords:Rice;Site-specificnitrogenmanagement(SSNM);Fertilizer-Nuseefficiency;Physiologicalmechanism,27%,40%106thm−2,65%,[1],,,180kg9:1673hm−2,75%[2]270~300kghm−2,350kghm−2,30%~35%,10~151958—196315~20kgkg−1N1981—19839.1kgkg−1N,,[3-5],,,(site-specificnitrogenmanagement,SSNM),,,(SPAD)(leafcolorchart,LCC),,,,[6-8],[9-11],,,,,,1材料与方法1.12003—2005,(,)20032004363,200563953813:(1)(,0N);(2)(,FFP)63240kghm−2,()60%10%15%15%39538270kghm−2,60%10%30%,31;(3)∶(SSNM)(2)59~10,610~12,63,3953820cm×20cm,5m×6m=30m2,4,(P2O513.5%)300kghm−2(K2O52%)195kghm−2ZnSO4·7H2O(Zn23%)22.5kghm−2,,1.21.2.1植株干物重、含氮率、根重和根系活性,5(,20cm,20cm,20cm),,,[12]70,,,[13],表1小区试验土壤养分状况Table1ThestatusofsoilnutritionofplotexperimentYearTotalN(gkg−1)AvailableP(mgkg−1)AvailableK(mgkg−1)Organicmatter(gkg−1)20031.1412.398.610.920041.4322.582.119.220051.5128.489.420.3167435表2实地氮肥管理的施氮时期及施氮量Table2StageandamountofNapplicationbasedonSSNMStageNratio(%)Namount(kghm−2)Beforetransplanting3550Tillering2030±10†Panicleinitiation3540±10†Heading10020,0or20‡Total100100–16063,†:SPAD36,10kghm−2;34SPAD36,;SPAD34,10kghm−2‡:SPAD36,20kghm−2,39538,†:SPAD38,10kghm−2;36SPAD38,;SPAD36,10kghm−2‡:SPAD38,20kghm−2,ForShanyou63,†:ifSPAD36,apply“basicamount–10kghm−2”;if34SPAD36,applybasicamount;ifSPAD34,apply“basicamount+10kghm−2”‡:ifSPAD36,apply20kghm−2,otherwise,noneedtoapply.ForWuyujing3andYangjing9538,†:ifSPAD38,apply“basicamount–10kghm−2”;if36SPAD38,applybasicamount;ifSPAD36,apply“basicamount+10kghm−2”.‡:ifSPAD38,apply20kghm−2,otherwise,noneedtoapply.1.2.2叶片氮代谢酶类活性,10(,),Christine[14]Hayakawa[15](NR)(GS)(GOGAT)Bradford[16],(BSA)1.2.3剑叶光合速率10d30dLICOR-6400,5,11.2.4考种与计产1d12,5m2200320042005,20052结果与分析2.163(20042005)(SSNM)110kghm−2,100~140kghm−2,(FFP)130kghm−2130~170kghm−2,54.2%48.1%~63.0%(3)FFP,SSNM,6395387.2%~9.3%,;30.1%,(4),SSNM,FFP,3SSNMFFPFFP33(0N)5.5~6.2thm−2,SSNMFFP2.22.2.1吸氮量(1),0N()SSNMFFPSSNM(639538)表3水稻施氮量Table3TheamountofNappliedinrice(kghm−2)YearCultivarTreatmentBeforetransplantingTilleringPanicleinitiationHeadingTotalamount20033SSNM502030100Wuyujing3FFP1603080270200463SSNM503030110Shanyou63FFP144243636240200563SSNM503030110Shanyou63FFP14424363624020059538SSNM504050140Yangjing9538FFP1603080270SSNM:;FFP:SSNM:site-specificnitrogenmanagement;FFP:farmers’fertilizerpractice.9:1675表4水稻产量及其构成Table4GrainyieldanditscomponentsinriceYearCultivarTreatmentPaniclesNo.(m−2)SpikeletsperpanicleFilledgrainrate(%)1000-grainweight(g)Grainyield(kghm−2)200330N219.9c95.6a90.2a29.1a5522.5bWuyujing3SSNM318.3b93.1a88.6ab28.1b7384.5aFFP388.8a78.5b86.7b27.9b7373.0a2004630N181.2c140.4c80.2a30.5b6223.0cShanyou63SSNM238.6b173.4a76.4b30.2b9558.3aFFP251.1a152.4b73.4c31.1a8742.0b2005630N170.7b145.1c80.5a30.1a6003.3cShanyou63SSNM255.4a166.0a70.2b29.4b8750.1aFFP261.7a157.2b6