英语动词不定式用法总结

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动词不定式用法总结动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如:Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryone.Itisveryimportant(foreveryone)tolearnaskill.也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。例如:Itisnecessary(foryoungstudents)tolearnaforeignlanguage.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:1.Itis+adj./n.(+forsb./sth.)+todosth.用于此句型的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。例如:Itisinterestingtoplaythisgame.Itisnecessaryforyoutochangeyourjob.Itwasimpossibleforthemtocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.考例1:Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(88MET)A.nowB.manC.thatD.itItispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship.用于此句型的名词有:pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。例如:Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.Itisgoodmannersfortheyoungtogivetheirseatstotheold.2.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。例如:Howrudeitwasoftheboytojumpthequeue!Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathomeintheirhouse.Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance!3.Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如:Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbybike.二、作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:Mywish/job/aim/goalis…及Thenextstep/measureis…等。例如:Yourjobistotypethepapersintheoffice.Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange等。例如:Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthesetwocities.SheofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如:Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.Shefeltitherdutytohelptheoldwoman.四、作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise,allow,ask,hear,order,see,tell,want,wish,watch等。例如:Thedoctoradvisedhernotoeattoomuchsugar.Iwishyoutogotothemeetingwithme.believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe型不定式作宾补。例如:Hedeclaredhimselftobeacollegestudent.他自称是名大学生。Thepoliceprovedhimtobeathief.警察局证实他是小偷。hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如:【误】Ihopemysontobebacksoon.【正】Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.【误】Shesuggestsustohaveadiscussionaboutit.【正】Sheadvisesustohaveadiscussionaboutit.【正】Shesuggeststhatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutit.在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。例如:Whomadehimworkallnightlong?但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例如:Hewasseentobreakthewindow.五、作定语动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:作后置定语。例如:Haveyougotanythingtoeat?(toeat修饰anything,位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。例如:Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。例如:Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?六、作状语动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.(目的)Iamverysorrytohearthat.(原因)Shehurriedhomeonlytofindherfatherdead.(结果)Tolookatthepicture,youwouldlikeit.(条件)作目的状语,还可以使用inorderto或soasto。例如:Theboyworkedsohardinordertomakeupforthelosttime.结果状语还可以使用enoughto,too…to…,so…asto,such…asto等结构。例如:Hegotuptoolatetomisstheearlybus.Shewasinsuchahurryasnottonoticeme.她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。1.副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。HespeaksEnglishverywell.他英语说得非常好.(very是程度副词,用来修饰well。verywell是修饰speak的程度状语)2.介词短语Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬。(forhisbravery在句中作原因状语)3.从句作状语IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.如果我明天不忙,我将和你一起踢足球。(IfIamnotbusytomorrow在句中作条件状语)4.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。Icomespeciallytoseeyou.我专门来看你.(toseeyou在句中充当目的状语)5.分词作状语Havinghadaquarrelwithhiswife,helefthomeinabadtemper。和他妻子吵架后,他生气地地离家出走了。(havinghadaquarrel在句中作时间状语)Remindednottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagerleftfortheairportinahurry.(remindednottomisstheflightat15:20在句中作时间状语)

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