中国物流与采购联合会会员通讯电子版(半月刊)主主办办::中中国国物物流流与与采采购购联联合合会会秘秘书书处处技技术术支支持持::中中国国物物流流与与采采购购网网hhttttpp::////★重点推荐★制造业是我国国民经济活动的主体产业和支柱产业。国家统计局公布的有关资料显示:2004年我国制造业法人单位132.9万家,占全国法人单位516.8万家的25.7%,就业总人数为8390.3万人,占全部法人单位就业总人数21261.7万人的39.5%………(全文)★篇目浏览★【权威论点】························································································1中国制造企业物流现状及政策建议·····································································1【专题报道】······················································································109月份CFLP中国制造业PMI为56.1%······························································109月份公路货运价格指数················································································12【政府动态】······················································································13商务部:发布《中国农村市场发展报告2007》····················································13发展改革委:2007年8月交通运输完成情况·······················································14海关总署:我国正构建保税物流监管体系··························································15交通部:今年前三季度全国交通经济运行基本平稳··············································16【联合会工作】···················································································18何黎明副会长高票当选亚太物流联盟副主席·······················································18关于申报2007年度“宝供物流奖学金”的通知···················································19新版人才招聘频道隆重推出·············································································20中国-东盟港口发展与合作论坛筹备进展顺利····················································21丁俊发、崔忠付出席中国西部工业物流发展论坛暨遂宁工业物流港招商洽谈会·········22快讯四则·····································································································22【会员园地】······················································································23招商局深圳公司切入蛇口港区平面运输业务·······················································23长三角地区物流行业诚信倡议书······································································24中邮物流扩展项目·························································································24【产业分析】······················································································25我国钢铁加工配送发展规模偏弱······································································25【调查报告】······················································································26物流人才调查报告·························································································26【广而告之】······················································································31第19期(总第136期)2007年10月15日会员通讯(电子版)2007-10-15第136期中国物流与采购联合会秘书处编第1页共35页第六次中国物流学术年会暨中国物流学会四届二次理事会即将召开························31中国物流与采购网免费为会员企业提供人才招聘服务···········································33【权威论点】中国制造企业物流现状及政策建议中国物流与采购联合会第一章发展现代物流是推动制造业升级的根本途径制造业是我国国民经济活动的主体产业和支柱产业。国家统计局公布的有关资料显示:2004年我国制造业法人单位132.9万家,占全国法人单位516.8万家的25.7%,就业总人数为8390.3万人,占全部法人单位就业总人数21261.7万人的39.5%。据《中国统计年鉴》数字,制造业增加值在国内生产总值(GDP)中所占的比重多年来一直保持在30%左右。由此可见,制造业对于我国经济发展具有举足轻重的地位。从发展趋势看,工业化进程决定了中国经济的发展在相当长的一段时间内仍需要制造业的发展来支撑。这就必然要求不断提高制造业发展的水平、质量和效率。我国《十一五规划纲要》中提出必须加快转变经济增长方式,切实走新型工业化道路,要推进工业结构优化升级。要发展先进制造业,调整优化产品结构、企业组织结构和产业布局,提升整体技术水平和综合竞争力,促进制造业由大变强。这就给我们提出了一个需要认真思考,也是必须解决的问题:制造业如何转变经济增长方式?如何提升综合竞争实力?我们的差距何在?一般来讲,衡量一个行业的实力,主要在于三个方面:一是技术水平,二是装备水平,三是物流水平。从我们这次对制造业企业调查和对国外制造业发展状况比较分析,我国制造业发展除了技术水平和装备水平存在差距外,制造业物流发展滞后,差距更为明显。总体来看,我国制造业物流水平仅相当于发达国家80年代中期水平,落后20年。如果还不加快提升制造业物流水平,就会严重制约我国制造业又好又快地发展,更谈不上发展先进制造业提升制造业综合竞争实力,也会影响我国工业化的进程和国民经济的健康发展。因此,发展制造业物流,建立与完善制造企业物流体系,促进制造业由大变强,提升制造业企业综合竞争力已经成为我国制造业发展中迫切需要解决的问题。从现代物流发展的角度看,一个国家在工业化过程中,发展企业物流,特别是发展制造业物流是推动现代物流发展的一项重要任务,也是关键所在。会员通讯(电子版)2007-10-15第136期中国物流与采购联合会秘书处编第2页共35页第二章国外制造业技术及其物流管理现状与趋势制造业的发展是现代物流发展的主要推动力量,现代制造业物流必须要与现代制造业发展水平相适应。从国际上看,制造业和现代物流发展是互动的,密不可分的。而且制造业发展水平越高,越离不开现代物流的支撑。制造业的发展是物流发展的基础,物流的发展又是制造业发展重要推动力量。制造业不同阶段的发展,必然要求相应的制造业物流水平与之相适应。十九世纪末以来,国际上制造业发展经历了四个阶段,相应地制造业物流也经历了四个逐步提升的发展时期:一是工厂式制造厂阶段。这一阶段初期企业生产效率不高,产品销售量不大,对物流的需求还不是很迫切。20世纪初以后,随着企业产品销售逐渐扩大,人们开始意识到降低产品销售成本的重要,为大批量配送提供了条件,同时也为人们认识物流提供了可能,开始出现现代物流萌芽阶段。二是少品种、大批量的流水线生产阶段。随着制造业工业化进程的加快,以及为适应大批量生产出来的产品市场销售实现,必然提出了需要建立一个提高销售效率,降低成本的组织方式。同时,物流技术装备的发展也为大批量配送提供了条件。于是,从企业角度考虑到产品销售的需要,提出了货物配送(PhysicalDistribution)的物流组织方式,实现了生产和消费间对物资履行保管、运输、装卸、包装、加工等物流组织功能,形成了从生产到消费的环节的物质移动的管理体系。现代物流发展进入了实物配送管理阶段。三是“精益生产”阶段。制造业以计算机技术为基础的自动化和产品生产的成组技术的普遍应用,使生产出来的产品种类增加、质量改进,要求产品生产一体化运作,也自然促进企业内外部物流整合,实现从采购的获得、制造的支持、到成品分销提供一体化的物流服务,从而推动了现代物流向一体化物流管理阶段过渡。这时,制造业发展对物流的要求就不单纯是考虑从生产者到消费者的货物配送问题,而且还要考虑从供应商到生产者对原材料的采购,以及生产者本身在产品制造过程中的运输、保管和信息等各个方面,全面地、综合性地提高经济效益和效率的问题。于是,现代物流发展也达到了一个新的水平,它是以满足消费者的需求为目标,把采购、制造、运输、销售等市场情况统一起来考虑的一种战略措施,这与把物流仅看作是“后勤保障系统”和“销售活动中起桥梁作用”的概念相比,在深度和广度上又有了进一步的含义。现代物流业发展进入了一体化物流管理(Logistics)阶段。四是“敏捷制造、柔性生产”阶段。它要求复杂多变的产品快速进入市场,而开发新产品的最快路线涉及从不同的企业中组织资源,借助信息技术共同完成各自功能。因此企业边界被打破,企业间需要形成动态联盟。这自然要求物流服务也要与制造业发展相适应,进入供应链的协同运作阶段。于是现代物流发展到目前最新的形式——供应链管理(SupplyChainManagement)阶段。会员通讯(电子版)2007-10-15第136期中国物流与采购联合会秘书处编第3页共35页全球制造业和现代物流业近一个世纪的发展历程表明,没有现代物流业的发展和水平不断提升,制造业不可能发展到现在的水平。第三章中国传统制造业企业物流现状及总体评价调查研究表明,当前我国制造业企业物流发展正在向一体化物流管理提升,基本处在实物配送管理向一体化物流管理过渡的后期。总体表现出以下八大特征和趋势:1、制造业物流