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阅读理解专项突破III词义猜测【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】1.Theunderlinedword“…”probablymeans____.2.Theword“…”usedinparagraph“…”refersto/suggests____.3.Thephrase“…”inthesentencecanbereplacedby____.4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword“…”5.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph“…”6.Bysaying“…”,wemean_____.7.Whatdoyouthinkoftheexpression“…”standsfor8.Themeaningofword“…”inthepassageisrelatedto_____.一．通过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义（1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define（下定义）,represent,signify（表示，表明）,constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用asyouknow,tobecalled,tomean,toreferto,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。（3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg.1.Thepowerfulpoisonwasimperceptiblewhenmixedinliquid,thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.(无法察觉的，感觉不到的)2.TheGreekmarriagewasmonogamous-----menandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse（配偶）atatime.（一夫一妻制）Exercises:1.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.____默剧，哑剧_______2.Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman._____人类学______3.Wewillmeetyouinthefoyer,theentrancehallofthetheatre.____门厅_______4.Hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownthickonbothcheeks（脸颊）.___胡须______5.Somecomputerscientistsaredevelopingartificial-intelligencemachinesthattheysaywillthinklikepeople.____人工智能_______Test1Thereisnocure（治愈）forAlzheimer’s.ButadrugcalledARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms（症状）.61.WhatisARICEPT（C）A.AmedicinetocureAlzheimer’sB.Amedicinetodelaysignsofaging.C.AmedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer’s.D.Amedicinetocurebraindamage.Test2HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboarandreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.（1）Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa______.（D）A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood二．利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出，如：括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon,justas,like,similarity等连接词或词组。eg.1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener.____期刊_______2.Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.（几何）Exercises:1.Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweapons（武器）andwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads.____投降_______2.Applyanantiseptic,suchasalcohol（酒精）,ontheskin.____杀菌剂_______3.InthecornertheremaybeaChristmastreewithitsbranchesdecoratedwithshiningornamentssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts.___装饰物________TestThelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentaloffersawidevarietyofchoices–---deluxesedans，minivans，stationwagons，coaches，Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.56Thewords“deluxesedans”，“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextrefersto_______.（C）A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义（1）利用反义关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有although,but,however,whereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，不过），onthecontrary,incontrast（相对）,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,instead（of）,ratherthan等。（2）利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：or,like,similarly等。.104studies,involving15,000peopleisprovingthatoptimism（乐观主义）canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,bycontrast（相反）,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.___悲观主义__2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarly（相同地）loquacious.____多话的，唠叨的Exercises:1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby.____肮脏的__2.UnliketheUnitedStates,wheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous._____同种的，相似的______3.Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges.静态的，稳定的4.Hereplied（答复）quickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregretted（后悔）havingmadesuchahastydecision.___匆忙的，轻率的_____5.Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy（美味），weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.____生的，未加工的___Test1Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknewthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.（1）Theunderlinedword“agony”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_____（C）A.formB.conditionC.painD.sadnessTest2Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasbuoyantintheairasacork（软木塞）inwater.（2）Theword“buoyant”inthissentencemostprobablymeans______.(C)A.abletobeusedB.abletomovefromoneplacetoanotherC.abletofloatorrisetothesurfaceD.abletocarryanything四．用语境猜测语义（1）利用“小”上下文推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如：Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupagoal,Iwon’tgiveupeasily.坚决的，果断的（2）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推断。eg.Zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.Whatadifferenceithasmadetoourlives!Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.Ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesfeelthatafor