搜索
Unit1SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyObjectives：TotalkaboutloveandlogicTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthenarrativeessaywritingskillContentsWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageApplicationSummaryWarming-upActivitiesLead-in1.WhatdoyouknowaboutlogicWhenitcomestomakingachoice,manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning;Malesaremorerationalthanfemales;2.DoyouthinkitispossibletodealwithlifeinacompletelyrationalandlogicalwayRationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone;Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers;Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway.Pre-readingActivities1.Thefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability.Tellwhethertheconclusionsaftertheword“Therefore”aretrue(T),false(F),oruncertain(U).Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement.numberstatementsTrueorfalse1Alloddnumbersareintegers(整数).Allevennumbersareintegers.Therefore,alloddnumbersareevennumbers.2Therearenodancersthataren’tslimandnosingersthataren’tdancers.Therefore,allsingersareslim.3Atoothpick(牙签)isuseful.Usefulthingsarevaluable.Therefore,atoothpickisvaluable.Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers.Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler.Therefore,pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers.5ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChasalowerenrollmentthanClassB.Therefore,ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC.6Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons.Therearemorelemonsinthebasketthanoranges.Therefore,thebasketcontainsmoreapplesthanoranges.7Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus.Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivingacar.Therefore,takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar.8AllthetulipsinZoe’sgardenarewhite.AlltherosesinZoe’sgardenareyellow.Therefore,alltheflowersinZoe’sgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow.2.Listentoashortpassageonlogic,andfillinthemissinginformation.CulturalBackground-LogicandFallacy1.WhatisafallacyAndhowisitusedAnerrorinreasoningthatrendersanargumentlogicallyinvalid;Byaccidentordesign,logicalfallaciesareoftenusedindebateorpropaganda;Tomisleadpeople;Todistractpeoplefromtherealissueforthepurposeofwinninganargument.2.HowmanytypesoffallacydoyouknowRedHerring(转移话题)/BeggingtheQuestion(循环论证)/SlipperySlope(滑坡谬误)/Bandwagon(从众谬误)/FalseDilemma(伪两难谬误)/FalseCause(posthoc)(假因谬误)/AdHominem(人身攻击)/AppealtoAuthority(诉诸权威)/DictoSimpliciter(绝对判断)/HastyGeneralization(草率结论)/AdMisericordiam(文不对题)/FalseAnalogy(错误类比)TextStudy1.MainideaandstructureWhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRobTheymadeadealthatthenarratorgivesRobhisleatherjacket,andRob,inexchange,givesthenarratorhisgirlfriend.WhydidthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend(Paras.2-3)Pretty,well-off,radiant;Therightbackgroundtobethegirlfriendofadogged,brilliantlawyer;Helpthenarratorinhiscompetitionwithotherapplicantstosomeelitelawfirms.PartI—Paras.1–3Theauthorsetsthesceneofthestorybyprovidinginformationaboutthefour“wh-”words:who,where,what,andwhy.“Who”referstothenarrator,hisroommateRob,andthebeautifulgirlPolly.“Where”refersto.“What”and“why”refertowhattodoandwhytodoit:ThenarratordecidestomakePolly“”becauseasapromisinglybrilliantlawyer,hewantstohaveagirlfriendwhoisnotonlybeautifulbutalsointelligent.PartII—Paras.4-25ThenarratortriestohelpPollybecomesmarterbygivingherlessonsinlogic.AltogetherhespendsfivenightsteachingPollyfourlogicalfallacies,namely,DictoSimpliciter,HastyGeneralization,AdMisericordiam,FalseAnalogy.PartIII—Paras.26-43Whenaskedtobethenarrator’sgirlfriend,PollyrefuteshisargumentswiththeexactlogicalfallaciestaughtbyhimandrefusesbymakingfulldisclosurethatsheisdatingthenarratorsimplybecauseitisatricksheandRobhavedecidedtoplayonhiminordertogethisleatherjacket.2.StructureofthetextIntroductiontothestory.ThenarratorandRobmakeadeal:theexchangeofaleatherjacketforPolly.(Para.1)Pollyhassomebasicqualitiestobethegirlfriendofalawyer.(Para.2)Pollyneedstobemademoreintelligent.(Para.3)Body(Developmentofthestory)Whylogicisimportant(Para.4-8)ThefirstlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:DictoSimpliciter(Paras.9-11)hesecondlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:HastyGeneralization(Paras.12-15)ThethirdlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:AdMisericordiam(Paras.16-21)ThefourthlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:FalseAnalogy(Paras.22-25)Climax&End“Wemakeaprettygoodcouple.”HastyGeneraliza-tion.(Paras.26-30)“Youdon’thavetoeatawholecaketoknowit’sgood.”FalseAnalogy.(Paras.31-32)“Pleasesayyou’llgooutwithme.I’mnothingwithoutyou.”AdMisericordiam.(Paras.33-35)“Youknowthethingsyoulearninschooldon’thaveanythingtodowithreallife.”DictoSimpliciter.(Paras.36-37)Climaxofthestory:Pollyrefusestobethenarrator’sgirlfriend.(Paras.38-43)3.Summaryofthetext4.PracticalphrasesPhrasesSpecificMeaningsExamples1.Inexchangefor…作为对……的交换Inexchangeforapeacefulenvironmentforthefuturegenerations,ourrevolutionarypredecessorsshedtheirbloodandevensacrificedtheirpreciouslives.Loveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyMyroommateRobmadeapactwithmethathe’dgivemehisgirlfriendPollyinexchangeformyjacket.AndIagreed.Pollyhadtherightbackgroundtobethegirlfriendofadogged,brilliantlawyerlikemyself.Shewaspretty,well-off,andradiant.Still,Iwanttodispenseheren