初中英语语法——现在完成时知识点总结归纳

初中英语语法——现在完成时知识点总结归纳现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词用法：1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用。Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了，不用再吃了。)Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了。)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了。)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化：★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑问句Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。错：I’veleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.IhavebeenawayfromBeijingfor3days.知识提升：现在完成时：1.构成：have/has+过去分词2.功能：(1)表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表时间的副词搭配使用。►.Hehasn'tseenherlately.►.Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：sofar(迄今为止),uptillnow(直到现在),since,foralongtime(很长时间),uptopresent(直到现在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年里),thesedays(目前)……►.Hehasworkedherefor15years.►.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.►.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.►.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.(3)某些非延续性动词(即：动作开始便终止的动词)，在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点：I.常见的非延续动词：die,arrive(到达),join(加入),leave(离开),go,refuse(拒绝),fail(失败),finish,buy,marry,divorce(离婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend...(背三遍!)II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。III.但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。►.Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(误)►.Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)►.Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(误)►.Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)►.Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?(误)►.Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)(4)注意since的用法：►.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.►.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.►.Hehasbeenheresince1980.►.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.几组对比：►.HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。►.HehasbeentoShanghai.他去过上海。►.Shehasgone.她已走了。►.Sheisgone.她缺席了。(或者她死了。)►.Thedoorhasbeenclosed.门关上了。(动作)►.Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。(状态)测试精编1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.A.keepB.keptC.havekeptD.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.A.isB.willbeC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.A.havejustmarriedwithB.wasjustmarriedtoC.hasjustbeenmarriedtoD.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.haven'thadD.hadn'thad5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.A.foundB.hasfoundC.findsD.hadfoundKEYS1.C2.C3.C4.C5.B