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第一讲汉英词汇比较与翻译SchedulefortheSemester•Semantictranslation(7Chapters)•Syntactictranslation(4Chapters)•Textualtranslation(3Chapters)•PlusReviewandPractice•FinalScore=practice20%+midterm20%+finalterm60%选择词义•根据：•词典；•语境；•搭配；•逻辑语境•manandwife;•officersandmen•hismanFriday•man-of-war•Beaman!例1“好”的译法•好的开始是成功的一半。•Wellbegun,halfdone.•邻居对她都很好。•Herneighborsareallverykindtoher.•这我们好解决。•Theproblemcanbeeasilysolved.•今天下午好几个人找你。•Quiteafewpeoplecameinlookingforyouthisafternoon.•你留个电话，有事好跟你商量。•GivemeyourtelephonenumbersothatIcancontactyouwhennecessary.例2：“轻巧”的译法•这摩托车很轻巧。•Themotorcycleislightandhandy.•她动作很轻巧。•Sheisnimbleinmovement.•你说得倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。•Youtalkasifitwerejustawalkover.Whynottryyourselfandseeifyoucanbringbackatrophy,too?例3：“考察”的译法•中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。•Inhislifetime,XuXiake,agreattravelerinChina’sMingDynasty,toured16provinces,leavinghisfootmarksinnearlyeverycornerofthecountry.•为了进行真实、细致的考察，他很少乘船、坐车。•Inordertogetadetailedandtruthfulpictureoftheplaceshevisited,heusuallytravelledonfootevenwhencarriagesandboatswereavailable.•他总是选择道路艰险的山区、人迹罕至的森林进行考察。•Healwayspreferredtoventureintomountainousareaswithroughtracks,andintoforestsseldomvisitedbyhumanbeings.例4：“意思”•甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。•乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？•甲：唉，只是意思意思。•乙：啊，真是不好意思。•A:Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.•B:Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldnotdothat.•A:Well,itjustconveysmygratitude.•B:Ah,thankyouthen,thoughIreallydonotdeserveit.搭配•Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps.ByFirth.•正式会议formalmeeting•正式声明officialstatement•正式成员thefullmemberofthedelegation化•经济法制化:manageeconomicaffairswithinaframework•经济全球化:economicglobalization•社会知识化:buildaknowledge-drivensociety•国际关系民主化:thepracticeofdemocracyininternationalrelations•国民经济信息化:buildaninformation-basednationaleconomy•科研成果产业化:applyscientificresearchresultstoindustrialproduction逻辑：约定俗成•胆小如鼠:astimidasarat/rabbit•落汤鸡:adrownedrat/chicken•养虎为患:tocherishasnake/tigerinone’sbosom•瓮中捉鳖:likearatinthehole•如鱼得水:likeaduck/fishtowater•愚蠢如猪:asstupidasagoose/pig•犟得像头牛:asstubbornasadonkey/ox练习•agoodChristian•agoodparent•agoodchild•agoodwife•agoodtooth•agoodreason•agoodincome•agoodtable•agoodperson•agoodheart•goodmanners选择练习•1他昨天擦破了皮，现在到医院换药去了。•Hehadascratchyesterdayandnowhasgonetochangemedicineinthehospital.•Hehadascratchyesterdayandnowhasgonetochangedressinginthehospital.•2佃农家庭的生活自然是很苦的。可是由于母亲聪明能干，却也舒服。•Thelifeofatenantfarmer’sfamilywasofcoursehard,butwesomehowmanagedtoscrapealongbecausemotherwasacleverandablewoman.•Thelifeofatenantfarmer’sfamilywasofcoursehard,butitwassomehowcomfortablebecausemotherwasacleverandablewoman.•3富华家具带给您典雅的欧陆风情。•YouwillbeenchantedbytheuniqueEuropeanamorousfeelingsofFuhuafurniture.•YouwillbeenchantedbytheuniqueEuropeanstyleofFuhuafurniture.•4我那新郎官啊！那个死东西！他就是死也不肯进洞房。•Mybetrothed!Damnhim,hesimplyrefusedtocomeintothebridalchamber!•Mybetrothed!Damnhim,hesimplyrefusedtocomeintotheroom!翻译下列词语•一窝蜜蜂•一窝小鸡•一窝幼犬•一群美女•一群猎狗•一群羚羊•一群鸭•Aswarmofbees•Abroodofchickens•Alitterofpups•Abevyofbeautifulladies•Apackofhounds•Aherdofantelopes•Ateamofducks•积极支持:unfailingsupport•积极的财政政策:proactivefiscalpolicy•积极利用国外资源:makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources•基本工资:basicwage•基本建设:capitalconstruction•基本物质:essentialcommodity•基本工业:primaryindustry•基本利益:fundamentalinterest翻译下列句子•两位领导就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。•Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern.•党员应该虚心倾听群众意见。•Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.•他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。•Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.•大家对这一做法很有意见。•Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.•他们在会上闹起了意见。•Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.•你应该听从医生的意见。•Youshouldfollowthedoctor’sadvice.•他们就此问题取得了一致的意见。•Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.•还有些未完成的事要处理。•Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.•我们就这件事请教过他。•Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.•请回去吧，这里没你的事了。•Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow.翻译中的选词•Thelargestquantityoftranslationinatextisdoneattheleveloftheword.ByPeterNewmark.•1.根据语义范围选词•2.从近义词中选词•3.根据搭配选词•4.根据褒贬选词•总之，几年的实践表明，我们搞改革、开放的路子是对了。•Ofcourse,ourachievementsinthelastfewyearshaveprovedthecorrectnessofourpoliciesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.•中国应该用时间向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。•Chinashouldshowtheworldthroughitsactionsthatsheisopposedtohegemonismandpowerpoliticsandwillneverseekhegemony.•这是中国从几十年建设中得出的经验。•Thatiswhatwehavelearntfromdecadesofdevelopment.Wordsareseldomexactlysynonymous.BySamuelJohnson•生气发怒:angry,irate,indignant,wrathful,enraged,infuriated,incensed•打破：break,crack,crush,demolish,destroy,shatter,smash•Empty:house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words,•Vacant:position,room,house,seat•Hollow:tree,voice,sound,cheeks•Blank:look,mind,page,check汉译英时，要注意动词和宾语的搭配•进行社会主义革命：tocarryoutsocialistrevolution•进行一场激烈的争论:tocarryonaspiriteddebate•进行实地调查:tomakeanon-the-spotinvestigation•进行亲切的谈话:tohaveacordialconversation•进行侵略:tocommitaggression•进行协商:toholdconsultationwith•进行核试验:toconductanucleartest褒贬•著名的famous,notorious•政治家statesman,politician•宣传publicity,propaganda•Toexpire逝世•Topassaway与世长辞•Toclose/endone’sday寿终•Tobreatheone’slast断气•Togowest归西天•Topaythedebtofnatur