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RevisionofThepassiveInfinitiveUnit2Grammar大家好1Tobe,ornottobe-thatisthequestion.——Hamlet大家好2•Obviously,tobeobeyedwasnatural•toJim.2.Mybrotherappearedtobesatisfiedwiththefinalresultofthebasketballmatch.3.Itneedsnottobesaidthattheyareveryhappytogether.•Joanisagirleasilytobefrightenedby•dogs.大家好35.Atthatmoment,Ihadtoshoutloudlytobeheardbyeveryone.6.Theposterswereorderedtobeprintedimmediately.7.Themanagerorderedtheposterstobeprintedimmediately.8.Look,theyarewaitingforthedoortobeopened.9.Makesurethatyouknowwhatistobedone.大家好4不定式语法不定式的时态和语态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。不定式被动式讲与练大家好5语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/大家好6当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。大家好71现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI’llseeyouagain.大家好82完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3进行时：强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行。Theyseemtobegettingalongwellwiththeirnewjobs.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.大家好94完成进行时：表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。Theyaresaidtohavebeencollectingstampsforovertwentyyears.Heappearstohavebeenwaitingalongtime.大家好10不定式的被动形式有下列用法:(1)作主语Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.(2)作宾语SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。大家好11(3)构成复合宾语Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.(4)构成复合谓语Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.大家好12(5)作定语Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?(6)作状语Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.大家好13二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.(主语)Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo.(宾语)大家好14Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.(复合宾语)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.(复合谓语)Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.(定语)大家好15三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在therebe结构中。例如：Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).大家好162.在“n／pron+be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerous等。例如：Heishardtoconvince.Heisanimpossiblepersontoworkwith．大家好173.在“too…todo;enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout(tobeworkedout)．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema．大家好185.当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如：Ihavealettertotypetoday．Doyouhaveanythingtosay?(I是totype的逻辑主语)(you是tosay的逻辑主语)大家好196.当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，hire,blame等。Thehouseistolet．IfeltIwastoblame.大家好20动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday.Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime.NOTICE大家好211.Myambitionis_________totheuniversitywhichhasthemostexcellentsportingfacilitiesinBeijing.A.toadmitB.tobeadmittedC.tobeadmittingD.tohavebeenadmitted课堂练兵大家好222.Youngasheis,hedoesn’tlike_______asachild.A.totreatB.treatingC.tobetreatedD.tobetreating3.Theprofessorandhisfellowworkersweresentthere_______forthespaceflight.A.trainB.tobetrainingC.tohavebeentrainedD.tobetrained大家好234.Lilyhasbeeninvitedtoagardenparty_________nextSaturdayevening.A.tobeheldB.toholdC.tobeholdingD.tohavebeenheld5.Jackisreported_______chairmanofthetradeunionbyallmembers.A.tochooseB.tohavebeenchosenC.tobechoosingD.tobechosen大家好246.—IsMarystillstudying?—I’mafraidnot.Sheissaid________theclassroomalready.A.tobeleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tohaveleft7.Doletyourparentsknowallthetruth.Theyappear__________everything.A.tohavebeentoldB.totellC.tobetellingD.tobetold大家好251.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness_________.(2006江西卷)A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade大家好262.Energydrinksarenotallowed______inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006上海卷)A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.tohavebeenmadeD.tobemaking大家好273.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.(2007江西卷)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______.(2007浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard大家好285.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed6.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_____assoonaspossible.(2008陕西卷)A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending大家好297.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.(2009山东卷)A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding8.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune______.(2010全国I卷)A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade大家好301.Thedishesneed2.ThemailisintendedSentenceMakingwashsendtobewashed.tobesent.大家好313.Thesingerrefused4.Thehouseisphotographselltobephotographed.tobesold.大家好325.Thewallisexpectedpainttobepainted.frighten6.Thebirdseemstobefrightened.大家好331.Shehates________________byherclassmates.2.Timrefused_________________byhisfathertoschool.3.Shes