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Non-finiteVerbsInfinitive;gerund;participleInfinitive(不定式)1.不定式的式和态（以动词do为例）doActivevoice主动Passivevoice被动simple一般式todotobedoneperfective完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneprogressive进行式tobedoingperfectiveprogressive完成进行式tohavebeendoing相关例句:1）Mr.Brownissupposedto__forItalylastweek.A.haveleftB.beleavingC.leaveD.havebeenleft2）Mr.Johnsonpreferred___heavierwordtodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegivingC.tohavegivenD.havinggiven注：一般式：不定式动作在谓语动作之后或两动作同时发生完成式：不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前完成进行式：不定式动作在谓语动作之前，并持续到现在与谓语动作同时发生2.不定式的句法功能主语Togetthereontimeisveryimportant.表语Myplanistofinishthistaskin3weeks.宾语Ihavearrangedtomeethimatten.宾补IpersuadedLindatogowithme.定语Atlastwefoundaroomtolivein.后置定语状语Shewenttothesupermarkettobuyfood.3.几点补充1）不定式to的省略A.不定式作表语，若谓语有实词do，则不定式不带toAllIwantedtodowassolveitassoonaspossible.B.介词but,except，save后可接不定式作宾语，若谓语是do则省略to，反之则不省Hehasnoalternativebuttogowithher.LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.C.在hadbetter;wouldrather(sooner)…than…;would…ratherthan…;cannot…but;can’thelpbut…;mayaswell等习惯用法中，省略toMarycan’thelpbutrushintotheheavyrain.Hewouldratherstayathomethangotowork.D.作使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,listento,feel,hear等的宾语补足语HemadeHelenteachusEnglish.注：此类句子的被动形式，to不可省略HelenwasmadetoteachusEnglish.E.口语中，why开头的简单问句中，用不带to的不定式Whynotgoatonce？2）不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出It’sanhonorformetotakepartinthework.It’sveryniceofyoutoseemewhenIwasill.3)注意区分介词to和不定式to如：beused(accustomed)to;beopposedto;objectto;lookforwardto;stickto;prefer…to;等词组中to均为介词Participle（分词）1.分词的式和态（以do为例）注：beingdone表被动语态的进行式do一般式完成式现在分词：主动doinghavingdone过去分词：被动donehavingbeendone2.分词的句法功能表语Yourshoelaceshavecomeundone.定语Thisisanexcitingmeeting.状语Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.宾补Isawacarrunninginthefield.Iwillgetmyhaircut.3.分词作状语的补充说明1）分词可作伴随、时间、原因，条件等状语(前可有连词)伴随:Theystoodtherewatchingthemovie.Prof.Johnsoniscoming,followedbyhisassistant.时间:（When）Comingdownthemountain,Imetanoldfriend.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedbeautiful.原因:Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofeducation.Gettinguptoolate,hemissedtheschoolbus.条件:Givenenoughsunlight,theflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.2)独立结构：（作状语）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和谓语动词的主语保持一致。否则，分词前必须加上名词或代词作为其主语。这种带主语的分词结构就叫独立结构。有时独立结构前还可用with。Theboyreturned,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Hisworkfinished,hepackedthetoolsandleft.Withtheissuesettled,theywenthome.Thehouseisverybeautifulwithsomanyflowerssurroundingit.注：with独立结构还可以是:with+名词/代词+不定式/介词短语/形容词或副词Withsomuchworktodo,Ican’tgowithyou.WithnothinginterestingonTV,wecanplaythebridgetonight.4.分词做宾补的补充说明:1)感官动词的宾补既可是分词，也可是不带to不定式Iheardhimtalkingtohissister.(表正在进行)Iheardhimtellthestorytohissister.（表动作全过程）2）have/get+宾语+过去分词，分词动作并非主语所为You’dbetterhaveyourlungX-rayed.Iamgoingtogetmyradiorepaired.Gerund(动名词)1.动名词的基本形式（以动词do为例）do主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.动名词的句法功能主语Drivingacarsofastcanbedangerous.宾语Weappreciateyourinvitingustoyourparty.Sallyapologizedmefornotkeepingherwords.表语Herjobwastolookingafterthebabies.定语Weneedasleepingcar.3.动名词的补充说明1）逻辑主语：可以是物主代词、名词所有格或普通格、人称代词宾格等Maryinsistedonhergoingtocollege.Theoldmandoesn’tlikeGeorgelosinghistemper.Theoldmandoesn’tlikelosinghistemper.2)在need,want,require,demand,beworth之后，表被动Thewindowneedscleaning.Thebookisworthreading.3)接动名词不接不定式的常见动词：admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp/resist/stand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,mind,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitatefancy,favor,finish,imagine,include,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,resent,risk,suggest4)有些动词接续关系是：动词+宾语+into+doing如：trick,mislead,shame,talk,trap,beguile,blackmail,coerce,deceive,foolIshamedhimintoreturningthestolenmoney.Don’tlethisfriendlywordsmisleadyouintotrustinghim.Shebeguiledmeintolendinghermoney.其它接续关系：动词+宾语+from+doing这类动词有：stop,prevent,keep,hinder,restrain,save等，基本含义是“使……不”:Nothingcouldstopmefromachievingmyambition.Hecouldhardlyrestrainhimselffromshoutingaloud.又有：thank/blamesb.fordoing;congratulatesb.ondoing;accusesb.ofdoing,etc.