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专题一名词的单复数一、定义：名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。二、可数名词：⑴可数名词的前的量词：可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an。以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。一、选择a或an或不填（用/表示）penbagapplebigapplebananaorangeorangesorangepen⑵可数名词单数→复数的变化规则：①一般在词尾加s，如：books、bags、fruits、girls、maps、pens、②以th结尾的名词，词尾+s，如：months、mouths、paths③以s、x、z、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如classes、boxes、buzzes、watches、fishes④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再+es，读[iz]，如：family-families、baby-babies以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾+s，如：boy-boys、day-days、toy-toys⑤以辅音+o结尾的名词，词尾+es，如：tamato-tametoes、potato-potatoes但某些却是+s，如：photo-photos、kilo-kilos以元音+o结尾的名词，词尾+s，如：zoo-zoos、radio-radios、kangaroo-kangaroos⑥以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,如：wolf-wolves、wife-wifves、life-lives、knife-knives⑶名词复数的不规则变化：man—menwoman—womentooth—teethchild—childrenfoot—feetgoose—geesemouse—mice⑷单复同形的名词有：Chinese中国人Japanese日本人sheep绵羊deer鹿fish鱼people人glass玻璃grass草注意：⑴fish：①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如threefish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.如：allkindsoffishes.③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。⑵people：当people后加上s，即peoples时，表示“民族”例如：Thereare56peoplesinChina.中国有56个民族。二、不可数名词：以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。watermilkteariceorangejuicebreadmeat三、复合名词的单复数：当出现名词+名词这样的复合名词时，则两者都要变为复数形式，如：womanteacher（女老师）-womenteachers（女老师们）【注意be动词遇到名词时的运用:单数名词用is,复数名词全用are.】音标：元音(20个)：前元音：[i:][i][e][æ]、后元音：[ɑ:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u][ʌ]、中元音：[ə:][ə]、双元音：[ei][əu][ai][au][ɔi][iə][εə][uə]辅音(28个)：爆破音：[p][b][t][d][k][g][tʃ][dʒ][tr][dr][ts][dz]摩擦音：[f][v][s][z][θ][ð][ʃ][ʒ][r][h]鼻音：[m][n][ŋ]舌边音：[l]半元音：[w][j]练习题一、写出下列各词的复数I_________this___________that___________watch_______child_______photo________diary_________day________foot________book_______dress___________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry__________thief_______peach______sandwich__________man______woman_______paper_______juice____________water________milk________rice__________tea_____________二、用适当的单复数形式填空：1.Ihavetwo_____(knife)2.Therearemany_____here.(box)3.Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The_____areplayingfootballnow.(child)三、选择：1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2.、ThiskindofcarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3、Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans4、That’saartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare5、Theboyshavegotalready.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6、Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxesofapples7、Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishesC.is,fishesD.are,fish8、Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothC.teethD.ourteeth10.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers11.InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox12.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys13.Howmany______doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato14.Theyare______.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher15.Wouldyoulike_______,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters16.Mostof______livein_______.A.Germans,GermanB.German,GermenC.Germen,GermanyD.Germans,Germany17.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes18.______like______byair.A.Greens,travelingB.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travelD.TheGreens,traveling19.Iwonderwhy______areinterestedinactionfilms(武打片).A.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples20.Thereisno______intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs21、Iwantthreewhitepaper.A.piecesB.pieceofC.piecesofDpiece22、Doyouwanttodrinkmuch?A、amilkB、milkC、milksD.somemilk23、Thisisroom.It’sverybig.A、LilyandLucy’sB、Lily’sandLucy’sC、Lily’sandLucy24、Wevisitedhouseyesterday.A、TomB、TomsC、Tom’sD.Tomis25、Doyouwantsomeforsupper?A、apotatoB、potatoesC、potatosD.potato四、选择正确的词形，打钩。1Howmany(radioes,radios)canyousee?2Thereare36(boys,boies)inmyclass.3Lookatthose(sheeps,sheep).4Idon’twant(a,an)oldcup.5Givemethat(box,boxes),please.五、将以下单复数句进行转换1Thisisaknife.______________________________________2Thatisatomato.______________________________________3Thatchildisverygood._____________________________________4Thesearemice.______________________________________5Thosearechildren.______________________________________六、按要求改写句子：1、Heisreadingabook.(改为复数句)2、Ibuythreeappleyesterday.(改错)3、Therearefourpicturesonthewall.(划线提问)4、Shehasabeautifulwatch.(改为一般疑问句)5、Doyouhaveacomputer?(改为否定句)