现在完成时ppt-课件

PresentPerfectTensepresent(now)futurepastPresentPerfectTense现在完成时主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）现在完成时的结构Winterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?主语+have/has+过去分词（pp）否定形式haven’t(havenot）+过去分词hasn’t(hasnot)+过去分词疑问句把助动词have/has放在句首现在完成时的结构注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用hasYouhaveplantedallthetrees.Ihaveplantedallthetrees.He/shehasplantedallthetrees.Theyhaveplantedallthetrees.区别have和has的用法主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived过去分词(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”。，study---studied---studiedcry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stoppeddrop---dropped--dropped2、不规则变化have—had—hadam/is—was—beenare—were—beendo—did—donego—went—gonesee—saw—seenPresentperfecttense现在完成时构成:用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.现在完成时,强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+过去分词1.两个句子都表示过去发生的事；2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态,没有说明与现在的关系，它与表示过去的具体时间连用。（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIlivedthere2yearsago现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时:强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，与现在有关。一般过去时:仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。他已学英语五年了。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他曾学过五年英语。HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.（说明他还会继续学下去）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）I’velivedherefortenyears.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)Ilivedherefortenyears.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)Hehasboughtahouse.他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)Heboughtahousetenyearsago.他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。遇到yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般过去时(表过去的时间)当有sofar,in/during/overthepast/lastfewdays(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时(不能与确定的时间)PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.A:火车已经开走了.2.B:什么时候开走的?3.A:半个小时之前开走的.2.A:这本书我已经买了两年了.3.B:你在哪儿买的?4.A:在我老家买的.3.A:你看过这部电影吗?4.B:看过.5.A:什么时候看的.6.B:上周星期天看的.A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave.A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.A:I`vehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，常与之连用的时间状语有：before,bynow(sofar),once,twice…,just,recentlyyet(否/疑),already(肯),ever,never,allone’slife,in/during/overthepast/last5years,（1）already肯定句:“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？(表示强调)I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(常见)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(2)yet否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.●Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.(3)ever肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?(4)never否定句:句中“从来没有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,将ever变neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermademeal.带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”(5)just用于句中,表示“刚刚”I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?(6)before用于句末,表示“以前”I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?Exercises1.I________(have)lunchalready.2.Hasthetrain_______(arrive),yet?3.Tome____never_______(beto)China.4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.Manytallbuildings____________(build)inthepast5years.havehadarrivedhasbeentohasseensawhavebeenbuilt用法二：E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句（句中的谓语动词为过去式）ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:Takenotes注意:对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用___________1.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?2.Shehasstoodheresince2hoursago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?howlong选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandpahasbeendead______severalyears.forsinceforsincefor6.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.7.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.8.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.9.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______mybirthday.10.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.11.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.12.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince注意:瞬间动词不能和时间段连用.瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/come··········Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierIhaveleftShanghaifor3days.beenawayfor3days.cometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoinhave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldierleavehave/hasbeenawayIhaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.keptcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgo