猜测词义高考题(answer)

1阅读专项训练——词义猜测(一)（2005广东）Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise.Leadershipmeanspower,commands,respectandmostimportant,encouragesachievement.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylife.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?Theunderlinedword“cultivated”(paragraph1)roughlymeans_____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed答案：D技巧点拨：根据上下文语境进行猜测上文的语境：领导艺术不像吞一维生素C那样简单。下文的语境：大部分的优秀的领导者都不是天生的，而是培养出来的，他们的领导艺术是在日常生活中学到的。（二）（2004湖北）Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithoutdrugs?Theansweris“yes”,accordingtotheresearchersatJohnsHopkinsandthreeothermedicalcenters.Afterastudyof800personswithhighbloodpressure,theyfoundthatafter6months,thosedevotedtoweightloss---exerciseandeatingalow-fatfood---lostabout13poundsandbecamefitter.Plus,35%ofthemdroppedintothe“normal”category(范畴).Thisweek,Dr.AlanDuckworthwilltellyouhowthesepeoplereducetheirbloodpressuretoalevelsimilartowhat’sachievedwithHypertensiondrugs.InScience/Health,“JohnsHopkins”is______.A.afamousuniversityB.amedicalcenterC.awell-knowndoctorD.adrugcompany答案：B（三）（2005全国）ThePresidenthasstartedusinglook-alikesduringsomepublicappearances.Daveisofferedachanceto“servehiscountry”bybecomingone.Theunderlinedword“one”inthethirdparagraphrefersto_______.A.thePresidentB.thedirectorC.anactorD.alook-alike答案：D技巧点拨：根据指代关系进行猜测。英语中代词one,it,that,he,him,或them等可以指上文提到的人或物。根据前文总统开始在公共场合使用替身（look-alikes）后来Dave有机会成为了其中的一员。(四)（2004广东）Asawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowI’mafraid.2Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto_____.A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abombD.publictransport答案：D(五)（2004上海）Withoutexamination,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem____aformoffavouritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favouritism”isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_______.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobC.poorchildrenwithcertificatesarefavouredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess答案：B技巧点拨：根据同位关系进行猜测破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的，二者是同位关系，因此，要猜测favouritism的意思，可从前面句子的意思入手。(六)（2003北京）Manyareturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshiftingisoneofthem.SixpercentofworkersinBritaintookthedecisiontodownshiftlastyear.OnecouplewhodownshiftedisDanielandLiz.TheyusedtoworkincentralLondon.Hewasanewspaperreporterandsheusedtoworkforaninternationalbank.Theywouldgotoworkbytraineverydayfromtheirlargehouseinthesuburbs(郊区),leavingtheirtwochildrenwithananny(保姆).MosteveningDanielwouldn’tgethomeuntileightornineo’clock,andnearlytwiceamonthhewouldhavetoflytoNewYorkformeetings.Theybothearnedalargeamountofmoneybutbegantofeelthatlifewaspassingthemby.Theunderlinedword“downshifting”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.A.repairingyourcarbyyourselfB.spendingmoneycarefullyC.movingouttothecountrysidetoliveasimplerandbetterlifeD.livinginabighouseinthesuburbsanddiningoutonceaweek答案：C技巧点拨：根据列举的事例进行猜测根据短文所列举的Dneiel和Liz的事例可判断出downshifting的意思是“把家搬到农村去，过一种简单而更好的生活”。(七)（全国）Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerrio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?3A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests答案：C技巧点拨：根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句的意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。hassle和abasketoffun是近乎相反的意义。(八)（05广东）Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.“Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples(涟漪),butiftheykeeponblowing,thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves.”Taylorsaid.“Wavesareoneofnature’swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney.”Theunderlinedphrase“pickingup”(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.startingagainB.speedingtoC.gatheringD.improving答案：C技巧点拨：根据构词法进行猜测。(九)（北京）Themanagerandeveryoneelsewhowereastepabovetheboxboysoftenshoutedorders.Oneofthesewas:youcouldn’taccepttips(小费).Okay,I’moutsideandIputthebagsinthecar.Foralotofpeople,thenaturalreaction(反应)istotakeaquarterandgiveittome.I’dsay,“I’msorry,Ican’t.”They’dgetangry.Whenyougivesomeoneatip,you’resortofbeingpolite.Youtakeaquarterandyouputitintheirhandyouexpectthemtosay,“Oh,thanksalot.”Whenyousay,”I’msorry,Ican’t.”Theyfeelalittleputdown.Theunderlinedphrase“putdown”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.misunderstoodB.defeatedC.hatefulD.hurt答案：D技巧点拨：根据常理或习俗进行猜测。在一些西方国家里，顾客买东西或接受完服务后，一般要付小费，这已经成为了惯例，所以当作者拒收小费时，对方认为作者看不起他们，因而受到了伤害。能力提升综合练习Trytoguessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords:•1.Thefemalemosquitoisavampireandlivesonblood.•2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.•3.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighbors4allcalledheraneccentriclady.•4.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanolderwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.•5.Tho