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Tomisastudentinclass11.Tomhastwobrothers.WealllikehimTom’sfatherisafamousjournalist.归纳：____________________________________________________________________________________________________whowhomwhose认识关系代词Tom______hastwobrothersisastudentinclass11.Tom_______wealllikeisastudentinclass11.Tom________fatherisafamousjournalistisastudentinclass11.关系代词：who,whom,whose,在定语从句中指代人，分别做主语、宾语、定语，做宾语时who可以替代whom,也可以省略。Thebookisveryinteresting.ThebookisaboutIraq.Iboughtthebookyesterday.Thebook__________isaboutIraqisveryinteresting.Thebook__________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.归纳：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________which/thatwhich/that关系代词：that,which,在定语从句中指代物，做主语、宾语、表语。其中that,指代人和物都可以。做宾语时可以省略。认识关系副词Thedayisaspecialday.Iwillneverforgettheday.Shemarriedhimonthatday.Theday__________Iwillneverforgetisaspecialday.Theday__________shemarriedhimisaspecialday.Theday__________shemarriedhimisaspecialday.that/whichonwhichwhen归纳：________________________________________when在定语从句中做时间状语。Guilinisabeautifulplace.IvisitedGuilinlastyear.LiuSanjielivedinGuilin.Guilin___________Ivisitedlastyearisabeautifulplace.Guilin__________LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.Guilin__________LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.that/whichinwhichwhere归纳：_______________________________________Where在定语从句中做地点状语。Shegavemethereason.Shewaslateforthereason.Shegavemethereason________shewaslate.forwhichwhyShegavemethereason________shewaslate.归纳：____________________________________Why在定语从句中做原因状语。区分关系代词that和which关系代词的that用法1.不用that的情况a.在引导非限制性定语从句时:b.介词后不能用.例如:Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a.在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which.b.在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.c.先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时,只用thatd.先行词为序数词,数词,形容词最高级时,只用thate.先行词既有人,又有物时用that.f.先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时。as,which引导的非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.典型例题1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。（3）as多用于下列句型：thesame…as,such…as,as…as,asisknown,aswehaveknowAsweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词“结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?whose+n表示所属关系，可变为n+ofwhich/whom，★表示部分关系时，也可用部分关系词+ofwhich/whom.Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.1．定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句①Weallhaveheardthenews_________ourteamwon.②Wedon’tbelievethenews___________hetoldusyesterday.that(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that在从句中不作任何成分)that/which(定语从句，that作told的宾语)2．定语从句与状语从句。试比较：①Heleftthekey___________hehadbeenanhourbefore.②Helefttheplace___________helivedformanyyears.③Heissuchagoodteacher____________allofusloveandrespect.where(where引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)where(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace)as(as引导定语从句)①Heissuchagoodteacher_________wealllikehim.3．定语从句与主语从句。试比较：①___________isknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.②___________isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.that(that引导结果状语从句,such…that…“如此…以致…”As(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)It(it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句)4．定语从句与强调结构。试比较：①Itisthehouse__________Imettheyoungman.②Itwasinthehouse___________Imettheyoungman.where(where引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语)that(本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（对）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.（对）I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D，例2A例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语