(完整word版)The-Trial-That-Rocked-the-World全文及翻译

TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldJohnScopesAbuzzranthroughthecrowdasItookmyplaceinthepackedcourtonthatswelteringJulydayin1925.ThecounselformydefencewasthefamouscriminallawyerClarenceDarrow.LeadingcounselfortheprosecutionwasWilliamJenningsBryan,thesilver-tonguedorator,threetimesDemocraticnomineeforPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andleaderofthefundamentalistmovementthathadbroughtaboutmytrial.AfewweeksbeforeIhadbeenanunknownschool-teacherinDayton,alittletowninthemountainsofTennessee.NowIwasinvolvedinatrialreportedtheworldover.Seatedincourt,readytotestifyonmybehalf,wereadozendistinguishedprofessorsandscientists,ledbyProfessorKirtleyMatherofHarvardUniversity.Morethan100reporterswereonhand,andevenradioannouncers,whoforthefirsttimeinhistoryweretobroadcastajurytrial.Don'tworry,son,we'llshowthemafewtricks,Darrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.ThecasehaderuptedroundmyheadnotlongafterIarrivedinDaytonassciencemasterandfootballcoachatthesecondaryschool.Foranumberofyearsaclashhadbeenbuildingupbetweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists.ThefundamentalistsadheredtoaliteralinterpretationoftheOldTestament.Themodernists,ontheotherhand,acceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwin--thatallanimallife,includingmonkeysandmen,hadevolvedfromacommonancestor.FundamentalismwasstronginTennessee,andthestatelegislaturehadrecentlypassedalawprohibitingtheteachingofanytheorythatdeniesthestoryofcreationastaughtintheBible.ThenewlawwasaimedsquarelyatDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Anengineer,GeorgeRappelyea,usedtoarguewiththelocalpeopleagainstthelaw.Duringonesuchargument,Rappelyeasaidthatnobodycouldteachbiologywithoutteachingevolution.SinceIhadbeenteachingbiology,Iwassentfor.Rappelyeaisright,Itoldthem.Thenyouhavebeenviolatingthelaw,oneofthemSaid.Sohaseveryotherteacher,Ireplied.EvolutionisexplainedinHunter'sCivicBiology,andthat'sourtextbook.Rappelyeathenmadeasuggestion.Let'stakethisthingtocourt,hesaid,andtestthelegalityofit.WhenIwasindictedonMay7,noone,leastofallI,anticipatedthatmycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionannouncedthatitwouldtakemycasetotheU.SSupremeCourtifnecessarytoestablishthatateachermaytellthetruthwithoutbeingsenttojail.ThenBryanvolunteeredtoassistthestateinprosecutingme.ImmediatelytherenownedlawyerClarenceDarrowofferedhisservicestodefendme.Ironically,IhadnotknownDarrowbeforemytrialbutIhadmetBryanwhenhehadgivenatalkatmyuniversity.Iadmiredhim,althoughIdidnotagreewithhisviews.BythetimethetrialbeganonJuly10,ourtownof1,500peoplehadtakenonacircusatmosphere.Thebuildingsalongthemainstreetwerefestoonedwithbanners.Thestreetsaroundthethree-storeyredbricklawcourtsproutedwithricketystandssellinghotdogs,religiousbooksandwatermelons.Evangelistssetuptentstoexhortthepassersby.Peoplefromthesurroundinghills,mostlyfundamentalists,arrivedtocheerBryanagainsttheinfideloutsidersAmongthemwasJohnButler,whohaddrawnuptheanti-evolutionlaw.Butlerwasa49-year-oldfarmerwhobeforehiselectionhadneverbeenoutofhisnativecounty.ThepresidingjudgewasJohnRaulston,aflorid-facedmanwhoannounced:I'mjustareg'larmountaineerjedge.Bryan,ageingandpaunchy,wasassistedinhisprosecutionbyhisson,alsoalawyer,andTennessee'sbrilliantyoungattorney-general,TomStewart.Besidestheshrewd68-year-oldDarrow,mycounselincludedthehandsomeandmagneticDudleyFieldMalone,43,andArthurGarfieldHays,quiet,scholarlyandsteepedinthelaw.Inatrialinwhichreligionplayedakeyrole,Darrowwasanagnostic,MaloneaCatholicandHaysaJew.MyfatherhadcomefromKentuckytobewithmeforthetrial.Thejudgecalledforalocalministertoopenthesessionwithprayer,andthetrialgotunderway.Ofthe12jurors,threehadneverreadanybookexcepttheBible.Onecouldn'tread.Asmyfathergrowled,That'sonehellofajury!Afterthepreliminarysparringoverlegalities,Darrowgotuptomakehisopeningstatement.Myfriendtheattorney-generalsaysthatJohnScopesknowswhatheisherefor,Darrowdrawled.Iknowwhatheisherefor,too.Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryare,anditisamightystrongcombination.Darrowwalkedslowlyroundthebakingcourt.Todayitistheteachers,hecontinued,andtomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers.Afterawhile,itisthesettingofmanagainstmanandcreedagainstcreeduntilwearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthesixteenthcenturywhenbigotslightedfaggotstoburnthemenwhodaredtobringanyintelligenceandenlightenmentandCulturetothehumanmind.Thatdamnedinfidel,awomanwhisperedloudlyashefinishedhisaddress.Thefollowingdaytheprosecutionbegancallingwit-nessesagainstme.Twoofmypupilstestified,grinningshylyatme,thatIhadtaughtthemevolution,butaddedthattheyhadnotbeencontaminatedbytheexperience.HowardMorgan,abrightladof14,testifiedthatIhadtaughtthatmanwasamammallikecows,horses,dogsandcats.Hedidn'tsayacatwasthesameasaman?Darrowasked.No,sir,theyoungstersaid.Hesaidmanhadreasoningpower.Thereissomedoubtaboutthat,Darrowsnorted.Aftertheevidencewascompleted,Bryanrosetoaddressthejury.Theissuewassimple,hedeclaredTheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow.ThespectatorschuckledandBryanwarmedtohiswork.Inoneh