定语从句中关系词的选择用法小结

龙源期刊网定语从句中关系词的选择用法小结作者：殷华新来源：《中学课程辅导高考版·学生版》2016年第09期一、关系词引导的定语从句定语从句中选择关系词的唯一依据是看关系词所代指的先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。而不是看先行词是什么词性。1.如果作主语或动词的宾语，则选用关系代词，如果作状语，则选择相应的关系副词。例如：①HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.②Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.句①中先行词thefactory在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，句②中先行词thefactory在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where。2.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词（定语从句所修饰的词）和关系词（连接定语从句和先行词的词）。还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以适当添词）替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where，原因状语用why）。例如：①ThisistheschoolIoncestudied.②Thisistheschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.找：根据句意和句子结构，确定先行词为theschool。需要填入的则是连接先行词和后面从句的关系词。还原：根据先行词的提示，这两句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：龙源期刊网（斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分）替换：根据还原后的句意，句①中先行词theschool在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where，句②中先行词theschool在定语从句中作主语，所以用which/that。二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，应用“介词+关系代词”的结构，如果指人，用“介词+whom”；如果指物，用“介词+which”。介词后面的关系代词which，whom不能省略，也不能被that，who代替。例如：①DoyoulikethebookforwhichIpaid20dollars？你喜欢我付了20美元买的那本书吗？②Mr.SmithisateacherfromwhomIhavelearntalot.史密斯先生是一个让我从他身上学到好多东西的老师。2.在定语从句中，介词也可以放在定语从句的后面，此时作宾语的关系代词which，whom可以被that或者who替换，也可以省略。例如：①Mr.JasonisakindpersonwithwhomItalkedjustnow.=Mr.Jasonisakindperson（whom/who）Italkedwithjustnow.②ThebookinwhichIaminterestedisHarryPotter.=Thebook（which/that）IaminterestedinisHarryPotter.3.“介词+关系代词”中介词的选择1）根据定语从句中的动词或形容词与介词的搭配确定。TheWestLake，forwhichHangzhouisfamous，isworthvisiting.2）根据先行词和介词的搭配来确定。Tomlivesinabighouseinwhichthereisacherrytree.龙源期刊网）根据定语从句所表达的意思来确定。Water，withoutwhichmancantlive，hasbeenseriouslypolluted.4）表示“所属关系”或“整体与部分”关系时，用介词of，形式通常为：名词、不定代词或数词+of+which/whom.Isenthimagoodbook，thenameofwhichisGonewiththeWind.5）当先行词是way且在从句中作状语时，用inwhich或that引导定语从句，通常inwhich或that可省略。Idontliketheway（that/inwhich）hespoketohisparents.三、巩固练习1.ThisisthehouseIlivedwhenIwasyoung.A.whichB.thatC.inwhichD.as2.JaneismybestfriendIborrowedanAppleWatch，andIhavekeptitforthreeweeks.A.fromwhichB.fromwhomC.towhichD.towhom3.ThehouseIgrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich4.Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork？A.thatB.whatC.howD.why5.Isthisthereasonhewassocarelessinhiswork？A.thatB.what龙源期刊网；thatB.that；whyC.forthat；thatD.forwhich；what7.Helivesinavillageisnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose8.Helivesinthevillagehewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose9.Inanhour，wetraveltoplacescouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what10.Inanhour，wetraveltoplaceswecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what11.Illneverforgetthedayswespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB12.Iamlookingforwardtothedaymydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where龙源期刊网，wemustlearntoactinwaysdonotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that14.IsthisthefactorycolorTVsetsareproduced？A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich15.IsthisfactorycolorTVsetsareproduced？A.whichB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich参考答案1—5CBBAD6—10AABCA11—15DCDDB（作者：殷华新，泰州市第三高级中学）