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EnglishGrammar英语句子种类与类型I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句提纲I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Shearrivedearly.Shecannothavearrivednow.注：1）半否定句Ihardlyknowanythingaboutit.2）部分否定句与全否定句Idon’tlikeboththefilms.IlikeneitherCathynorMary.3)否定转移Idon’tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.(believe,expect,suppose,imagine)I、句子种类2、疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。I、句子种类1）一般疑问句用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。Haveyouanythingtosay?Didsomeonephonemelastnight?Can’tyouunderstandit?Isn’titabeautifullake?---Haven’tyoubeentotheUK?---No,Ihaven’t.2）特殊疑问句疑问词有who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how等。I、句子种类（1）陈述语序Whowasthefirstmaninspace?（2）倒装语序Whoareyoutalkingabout?注：A、简略式Whynotgoalone?Whygetsoangry?How/Whatabouttakingarest?B、复杂特殊疑问句Whatdoyouthinkhehasdone?I、句子种类3）选择疑问句(1)以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman?ShallIhelpyouorcanyoumanage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?I、句子种类4）反义疑问句问：+，-？或-，+？答：+，+.或-，-.1.TomhardlyknowsFrench,____________?2.—Marydidn'tfailherexam,didshe?---______,shedidn’t.3.Youneedn’tcome,______you?Youneedtocome,______you?4.Hehadabigtimethere,______he?Hehadacar,______he?Wehardlyhavetogetupearly,______we?5.HeusedtoliveinLeeds,______he?doesheNomustdon’tdidn’tdidn’tdodidn’t6.Let’sgotothematchatonce,______we?Leavemealone,______you?7.Theyhavebeenlearningtodrive,______they?8.Noonewashurt,____________?9.Thereisnodoubt()aboutit,____________?10.Annahasn’tgottogotoschoolonSunday,______she?I、句子种类4）反义疑问句shallwillhaven’tweren’ttheyistheredoes3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。I、句子种类1）带第二人称的祈使句Bequiet,please.Don’tmakeanynoise!Youcallataxi.Don’tyouforgetit.(强调)Givemeahand,will/won’t/would/wouldn’you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Letmetryagain.Let’sgo.Letusgo.Let’snotsayanythingaboutit./Don’tlet’ssay…Lethimbehereby10o’clock.I、句子种类3、祈使句注意：1、加强语气Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg.Doletmehaveanothertry.2、祈使句的省略式A:ShallIopenthewindow?B:Yes,pleasedo./No,pleasedon’t.A:Shallwewatchthegame?B:Yes,let’s.4、感叹句由what或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等。I、句子种类Whatalovelybabyitis!Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!Howfoolishsheis!Howclearlyyouspeak!Howcleveraboyheis!I、句子种类5、THERE-BE存在句Thereisaclockonthetable.OncetherelivedakingcalledLear.Theregoesthebell!Herecomesthebus.Herehecomes.Thereusedtobeavillageatthefootofthemountain.Thereistobeaheavyraintonight.Thereseemstobesomemisunderstanding.Thereisababycryinginthenextdoor.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句二、句子类型1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.二、句子类型2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等来连接。Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Don’tbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.二、句子类型3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。注意：1、whether与if的区别；2、陈述句变来的名词性从句由什么引导。那么，一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、感叹句变来的呢？二、句子类型3、复合句（2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）先行词的修饰语；3）引导词在定语从句中的成分。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.3、复合句(3)状语从句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when）；2、地点（where,wherever）；3、方式（as,asif,asthough）；4、程度（as…as,morethan,so…that,such…that）；二、句子类型5、原因（because,since,as,nowthat,that）；6、结果（,sothat,so…that,such…that）；7、目的（sothat,inorderthat,incase）；8、条件（if,unless）；9、让步（though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,nomatterhow,whether）。二、句子类型(3)状语从句二、句子类型3、复合句并列复合句即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.Idon’tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn’tmove.OnedaychuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.Inordertosurvive,chuckdevelopsafriendshipwithavolleyballhecallsWilson./TomakeitthebesteverGames,thecapitalcitywillmakeseveralbigchanges.EventhoughWilsonisjustavolleyball,hebecomesfondofhim.Itisimportanttohavesomeonetocareabout.Heshouldhavecaredmoreabouthisfriends.Englishisalanguagespokenallovertheworld./TomHanksplaysamannamedChuckNoland./Englishhasdevelopedintoalanguagemostwidelyspokenandusedintheworld.ThenumberofpeoplewholearnEnglishasaforeignlanguageisover750million.BusinessmenandtouristsoftencometoChinawithoutbeingabletospeakChinese.Thereisnoquickanswertothisquestion.That’swhythewordsarespeltdifferentlyinAmericanEnglish.Mostofthetime,peoplefromthetwodifferentcountriesdonothaveanydifficultyinunderstandingeachother.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,inahotelorsittingonthebeach,youmaywanttotryhiking.Thename“whitewater”comesfromt