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CleftSentence分裂句andPseudo-cleftSentence拟似分裂句•Function:foremphasis•Cleftsentence分裂句/Emphaticsentence强调句•FACT:JanegaveahandbagtoMaryatChristmas.•RUMOR:JohngaveahandbagtoMaryatChristmas.•Emphasis:ItwasJanewhogaveahandbagtoMaryatChristmas.Cleftsentence分裂句/强调句•Form：•Itis/was+focalelement+that/who(ifthefocalelementishuman)•Itis…thatdoes/havedone/havebeendoing•Itwas…thatdid/haddone/hadbeendoingCleftsentence•Function:toemphasizeelementsotherthanverb强调除句中动词之外的成份•FACT:JanegaveahandbagtoMaryatChristmas.•Cleftsentences:•ItwasJanewhogaveahandbagtoMaryatChristmas.•ItwasahandbagthatJanegavetoMaryatChristmas.•ItwastoMarythatJanegaveahandbagatChristmas.•ItwasatChristmasthatJanegaveahandbagtoMary.强调句型的结构为Itis/was…that/who…，it可以说没有意义，它只帮助改变一个句子结构，使某一成分受到强调。用来强调除谓语以外的任何成份。被强调的部分放在is/was的后面。如果被强调的是人，则后面用who或that；如果被强调的是物或其他情况，则用that。如：ItwasJimwho/thatshotabearyesterday.强调主语JimItwasabearthatJimshotyesterday.强调宾语abearItwasyesterdaythatJimshotabear.强调时间状语yesterdayItwasonTvthathesawhisboss.强调地点状语onTvItwasbybikethatwewenttothepark.强调方式状语bybikeItwasadoctorthathehasbecome.强调表语adoctorItwasgreenthathehaspaintedthedoor.强调补语greenItwaswhathesaidthatsurprisedme.强调从句whathesaidItwasnotuntil12o’clockthathewenttobed.强调not…until…中的时间状语Itwasplayingcomputergamesthatcosttheboyalotofmoney.强调非谓语动词playingcomputergames学习强调句型应该注意的几个问题：1.如果被强调的是句子的状语，则不可用when,where或because等相应的词，而必须用that。如：ItwasonthebusthatImetheryesterday.强调地点状语onthebus，注意不能用where。ItwaswhenIwasinthekitchenthatIheardnoise.强调时间状语whenIwasinthekitchen，注意不可用when。2.如果被强调部分是名词或代词的复数形式，系动词仍然用is或was。如：ItwasthosechildrenthatIsawplayingbythepond.尽管强调的是thosechildren，是复数，仍然用was。Itisstupidstudentswho/thatdon’taskquestions.尽管强调的是stupidstudents，是复数，仍然用is。3.在强调主语时，that/who后的谓语应与前面被强调的主语保持一致。如：Itisyouwhoarewrong.are与you保持一致ItisIwhoamwrong.am与I保持一致ItisMrWilsonwho/thatisthechairman.is与MrWilson保持一致4.在强调until引出的时间状语时，其句型为：Itisnotuntil…that…,一般多译成汉语的肯定句。如：Itwasnotuntil1989thatwebeganstudyingEnglish.直到1989年我们才开始学习英语。ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatInoticedit.我一直到昨天才注意到它。5.该句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit…that…?如：--IsitMrWilsonthatisthechairman?--Yes,itis.Wasitnotuntilyesterdaythatyounoticedit?注意：在强调when,where,who,what等时，须将这类特殊疑问词放在句首。如：Whenwasitthatthestorytookplace?而不说：Wasitwhenthatthestorytookplace?Whatisitthatyouhavetosell?而不说：Isitwhatthatyouhavetosell?6.由though/although引导的让步状语从句及条件状语从句等也通常不能作为强调句中的被强调部分。如：TheBlacksweregenerousalthoughtheywerepoor.不可以改写成：ItwasalthoughtheywerepoorthattheBlacksweregenerous.7.如何强调双宾语•无论强调哪个宾语，都必须根据动词的搭配关系，加上to或for。如：•原句：HegaveMaryapen.•强调间接宾语：ItwasMarythathegaveapento.•强调直接宾语:ItwasapenthathegavetoMary.8.判断是否为强调句的标准：•如果将句中的itis/was和that/who去掉，看剩余的部分结构是否完整，句意是否明了，如果是，则为强调句型,否则就不是。如：ItwasMarythathaswonthefirstplace.将句中的itwas和that去掉，原句变为：Maryhaswonthefirstplace.句子结构完整，表意明确，故原句为强调句。再如：ItissurprisingthatMaryshouldhavewonthefirstplace.如果将itis和that去掉，那么原句变为:Maryshouldhavewonthefirstplacesurprising.这个句子不完整，所以原句不是强调句型。此句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。练习•1.与非谓语动词结合起来命题•Itwas___computergamesthatcosttheboyalotofmoneyheoughttohavespentonhisfood.•AtohaveplayedBplaying•CplayedDhavingplayed•解析:答案为B.被强调部分是作主语的动名词短语2.与各类从句结合起来命题Itis_____heoftenfailsinexams_____makeshisparentsworriedabouthim.Athat;thatBwhat;thatCthat;whatD/;that解析:答案为A。强调主语从句。该句还原成：Thatheoftenfailsinexamsmakeshisparentsworriesabouthim.3.与情态动词结合起来命题•Coulditbeintherestaurantin___youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday___youlostyourhandbag?•Athat;whichBwhich;thatCwhere;thatDthat;where•解析:答案为B本题考查be与情态动词结合的复杂化以及定语从句的干扰，致使许多学生看不出本句为强调句。•4.利用强调句型的省略形式来命题•---Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden？•---___thechildren.•AItisBTheyareCThatisDThereare•解析:答案为A.完整形式为：Itisthechildrenwhoaremakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden.5.强调句型的其他创新形式Ihavealreadyforgotten___youputdictionary.•AthatitwasthereBwherewasitthat•CthatwhereitwasDwhereitwasthat•解析:答案为D.强调宾语从句的连接副词where.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;when2.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then3.ItwasthroughJack____MarygottoknowBob.A.whoB.whomC.howD.that4.Itwas_____Iwentthere_____Ibegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.A.until;thatB.notuntil;whenC.notuntil;thatD.notwhen;that5._____youhavetosell?A.IsitwhatthatB.WhatitisthatC.WhatisitwhichD.Whatisitthat6.It’sthethirdtime_____Ihavebeenthere.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whether7.—Wereallfivepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?—No,______onlytwowhogothurt.A.thereareB.theywereC.itwasD.thereis8.Ican’tremember_____youstartedtodoyourtask.A.thatitwaswhenB.whenitwasthatC.whenwasitthatD.whatitwasthatPseudo-cleftsentence•1.Form•Whathedoes/hasdone/willdois(to)give…•Whatheisdoing/hasbeendoing/willbedoingispracticing…•2.Function:toemphasizeverb•WhatJanedidwas(to)giveahandbagtoMary.