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【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday——ahugenumber.Butaddupallofthecomplexspeciesthateverlivedandsomebiologiststhinkthegrandtotalwouldbeaboutfivebillion.Theestimateleadstoanastonishingconclusion:astaggering99%ofspeciesarenotaroundanymore.Theyhavebeendriventoextinction.Morespeciesarejoiningtheranksoftheextincteveryyear.Manyscientistsbelievewearelivingthroughanepisodeofremarkablyrapidextinction,onascalethathasbeenseenonlyfivetimesinthelasthalfabillionyears.Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.Over-hunting,overfishing,andhuman-drivenhabitatlossarepushingmanyspeciestothebrink.Infact,wehavechangedtheplanetsomuchthatsomegeologistsarenowsuggestingthatwehaveenteredanewphaseinEarth'shistory;anepochtheycallthe＂Anthropocene＂.By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.Becausewearelivingthroughthisextinction,itisrelativelyeasyforustostudythedrivingforcesbehindit.Buthowdowedeterminewhatcausedothermassdie-offsthathappenedlongago?Todosowehavetolookatwhatarchaeologists,palaeontologists,geologistsandotherscientistshaveconcludedfromtheevidencetheyhavegathered.Thetroubleis,thosescientistsdonotalwaysagreewithoneanother——evenaboutthemostrecentextinctionevent.Aswellasthefive-orsix-massextinctions,therehavealsobeenmanysmallerextinctions.OneoftheseminiextinctioneventshappenedtowardstheendofthePleistocene,afewtensofthousandsofyearsago.Itissometimescalledthe＂megafaunal＂extinctionbecausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).However,itscauseremainsadebateamongstscientists.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixthmassextinction？A.Humansarethemaincauseofit.B.Itmeansaglobaldeclineoveralongtime.C.ItoccurredtowardstheendofthePleistocene.D.Scientistsstilldisagreeaboutthecauseofit.（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutspecies？A.99%ofspecieswillnotbearoundanymoreby2100.B.Bythe22ndcentury,therewillprobablybeaboutfivemilliononthisplanet.C.Abouteightyearslaterwewillenterwhatiscalledthe＂Anthropocene＂.D.Itisnoteasyforustofigureoutcausesbehindthe＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.Landanimals.B.Marinelife.C.Hugeanimals.D.Flesh-eatingcreatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在arelativelyshortperiodoftime，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在theendofthePleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的＂Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday”，以及第四段中的＂By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即fivemillion，因此选B。(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂becausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。2．阅读理解Scientistsfoundthatsleepingconsiderablyimprovesourcreativity.Aftertakinganappeopleareabletothinkfasterandputmoreimaginationintotheirthinking.Besides,ifwedream,thethinkingabilitiesareimprovedevenmore.Researchersconsiderthatsleepingonaprobleminmostcasesleadstoelucidation(解释).TheysaywhenapersonentersaphasecalledRapidEyeMovement(REM)duringsleep,itincreasestheeffect.Suchphasetakesplacerightbeforeweawakeandaccordingtoscientistsithelpsourbrainmakelinksbetweenunrelatedsubjects.Inthestudy,ledbyProfessorSaraMednick,scientistsmadeaconclusionthattheREMwasimportantforassimilating(消化)newinformationintopastexperienceinordertofindsolutionstocreativeproblems.Prof.MednickisapsychiatristattheUniversityofCalifornia.Herstudyinvolvedtheanalysisof77adults.Eachparticipantwasgivenseveralword-associatedcreativetasks.Alltasksweregiveninthemorning,withparticipantsbeingshownanumberofgroupsof3words,forexample:cookie,heartandsixteen.Theywereaskedtocomeupwithawordthatwouldbeassociatedwithallthreegiventerms—likesweet.Sometimelater,aftersomeparticipantswereallowedtosleep,theywereaskedtoperformthesametasksandsomenewones.Itisworthmentioningthatwhilesomepeopleslept,researchersusedbrainscanstoseethetypeofsleepeachparticipantentered.Whengiventhesametasks,participants,whotookanap,wereabletogivemorevariedsolutions,someofwhichweremuchbetterthantheygaveearlier.Butwhengivennewtasks,researchersfoundthatthosewhoenteredREMsleephada40percentbetterresultcomparedtotheperformancetheyshowedinthemorning.（1）Whatdoesitrefertointhesecondparagraph?A.Theeffect.B.REM.C.Sleep.D.Aproblem.（2）WhydotheresearchersstudytheREM?A.BecauseREMtakesplacejustafteryousleep.B.BecauseREMcanstoremoreinformation.C