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Unit1Natureinthebalance教学知识细解码根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．____n．&vt.伤害，损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的2．longadj.长的，长时间的→______n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长3．_______vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难→survivaln．残存物；幸存事物→survivorn．幸存者；生还者harmlengthsurvive4．_________vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearancen．消失；失踪5．___________n．农业，农学→agriculturaladj.农业的disappearagriculture1．varietyn．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体①Iwasimpressedbythevarietyofdishesonoffer.________②Wewantmorevarietyinourwork.____________③Applescomeinagreatmanyvarieties.__________不同种类变化，多样性变种，变体2．livingadj.活着的，活的；在使用的n．生计，谋生；生活方式①Fathernevertalkedaboutwhathedidforaliving.____②Chineseisoneofthemostbeautifullanguagesthatislivingintheworld.________③HeisthefinestlivingpianistthatIhaveeverseen.______生计在使用的活着的WordsandPhrases知识要点1harmn．&vt.伤害，损害(教材P1)Thehumanracehasdonemuchharm.人类已经造成了许多危害。[例1]Whatshouldbedonetopunishpeoplewhodoharmtotheanimals?应该做些什么来惩罚那些伤害动物的人呢？[例2]Toomuchdirectsunlightwillharmtheplants.过多的阳光直射会损害植物。[造句]他们对热带雨林造成了严重危害。_____________________________________________Theydidseriousharmtotropicalrainforest.[知识拓展](1)dosb./sth.harm＝doharmtosb./sth.对……有害Thereisnoharm(in)doingsth.做某事并无害处(2)harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto...对……有害(3)harmlessadj.无害的[即学即练]单句语法填空①Walkingintheairfullofsmogis_______(harm)tous.②Drinkingtoomuchdoesharm__yourhealth.③Thereisnoharm______(say)sorrytohimfirst.④Weallknowthatsmoking____(do)harmtoourhealth.harmfultosayingdoes知识要点2varietyn．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(教材P3)Theforest'sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。[例1]Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我们都需要饮食多样化。[例2]I'malwayspleasedtotryoutanewvariety.我一直乐于尝试新品种。[造句]我们有各种款式和尺码的货品。____________________________________________Westockawidevarietyofstylesandsizes.[归纳拓展](1)avarietyof＝varietiesof＝various各种各样的；不同种类的(2)varyv.变化多；变化；使多样化varyfrom...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动varywith...随……而变动[即学即练]单句语法填空①For_______(variety)reasons，wecouldn'tattendherwedding.②Studentsareoffered_________(variety)ofcoursesinthisdepartment.③Thatsortofthingvaries____persontopersoninAfricancountries.④Themenuintherestaurantvaries____theseason.variousvarietiesfromwith[小片段助记]Iamgladthatourstudentshavevarietiesofquestionstoaskinclass，andIwouldlovetoanswertheminvariousways.Inaddition，thequestionsvaryfrompersontoperson.知识要点3survivevi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难(教材P3)Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere，theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest'sfoodchain.尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。[例1]Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?能保存很长一段时间就足够了吗？[例2]Ican'tsurviveon￡20aweek.我每周靠20英镑难以生存。[造句]很多鸟死于这次严冬。____________________________________________Manybirdsdidn'tsurvivetheseverewinter.[归纳拓展](1)survivesth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来surviveon依靠……生活survivesb.by...比某人多活……(2)survivaln.生存；幸存(3)survivorn.生还者，幸存者[名师点津]survive作“幸存；幸免于难”解时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不用介词in或from。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theoldwomansurvivedherowndaughter__tenyears.②IfyoudevelopAIDS，yourchancesof________(survive)areverysmall.③Heisluckytohave________(survive)theterribleaccident.bysurvivalsurvived知识要点4breakdown使分解(为)，使变化(成)(教材P3)Whenajaguardies，atinyarmyofmicroorganismshelpsbreakdownitsbodyandreturnthenutrientstotheearth.当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质还给大地。[例1]Peacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.两国之间的和平谈判破裂，没有达成协议。[例2]Thecomputersystembrokedownsuddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformation.在他搜寻资料时，电脑系统突然坏了。[造句]塑料袋很难分解。_________________________________________Plasticbagsaredifficulttobreakdown.[归纳拓展]breakup破裂，绝交；解散；破碎breakin闯进；打断breakinto闯入；侵占breakout(战争、火灾、疫病等)暴发breakthrough突破；冲破；有重要发现breakawayfrom逃脱；脱离[即学即练]单句语法填空①It'sveryimpoliteofyoutobreak__whilewe'retalking.②Hishouse__________(break)intolastnight.③Whenthewarbroke___，hewasonlyfour.④Mygirlfriendhasbroken__withme.inwasbrokenoutup[小片段助记]Unfortunately，thepeacetalksbrokedownintheend.Asaresult，awarbrokeoutbetweenthetwocountries.Thenativepeoplehadtobreakawayfromtheirhomesandsufferedalotfromthewar.知识要点5dueto由于，因为(教材P3)Overthepast50years，about17percentoftherainforesthasdisappearedduetohumanactivitiessuchasagricultureandcattlefarming.在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，大约17%的雨林消失了。[例1]InthenorthofIndia，thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates.在印度北部，由于出生率高，人口正在迅速增长。[例2]Duetothewidespreaduseofpenicillin，manylivesweresavedduringthewar.正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间很多生命得以挽救。[造句]比赛因下雨而延期。_____________________________________Thegamewasputoffduetotherain.[归纳拓展](1)dueadj.应付的；应得的；适当的；预期的；到期的beduetodosth.预期/预定要做某事beduetosb.应支付/应给予/应归于某人bedueforsth.应得到某物(2)表示“由于”的词组还有：owingto由于becauseof因为；由于asaresultof由于thanksto多亏；由于onaccountof由于，因为[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theteamaredue______(fly)toItalynextmonth.②Themeetingisn'tdue________(start)untilthree.③Havetheybeenpaidthemoneythatisdue__them?④Thesportsmeetinghadtobeputoffdue__thebadweather.toflytostarttoto知识要点6damagevt.&n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏(教材P3)．..canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”？……我们能承担得起损伤“地球之肺”的后果吗？[例1]Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant.对第一株植物造成的损害通常更严重一些。[例2]Asweallknow，eatingtoomuchfatwilldamageourhealth.众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。[造句]暴雨对庄稼造成了很大的损害。_______________________________________________________Theheavyrainhasdone/causedgreatdamagetothecrops.[归纳拓展]do/causedamage