语法填空考点6-谓语动词

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1大家好考点6:谓语动词真题再练在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式,并说明理由。1.(2015卷I·61)ItwasraininglightlywhenI_________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.由主句谓语动词“wasraining”和后句的谓语动词“didn’tcare”可知,arrive应用一般过去时。句意是“当我们在天亮前到达阳朔时,正在下着小雨”。arrived2.(2015卷I·67)Yangshuo_____(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.指目前的状态或客观存在的状态,用一般现在时,下句谓语动词names是一般现在时,也有提示作用;主语Yangshuo是第三人称单数,故填is。is3.(2015卷II·68)Atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle_____(go)dayafterday.Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.因上句谓语动词“warmup”与下句中的谓语动词“warmup”和“cooloff”都是一般现在时,故此处的go也用一般现在时才能保持时态一致;主语Thiscycle是第三人称单数,故填goes。goes4.(2014卷I·61)In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.指1969年的情况,用一般过去时,上下句谓语动词的时态(was,could)也提示我们用一般过去时,指当时无法想象;又因主语It是第三人称单数,故填was。was5.(2014卷II·45)Aboyonabike________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.在句中作谓语,考虑时态和语态;aboy与catch是主动关系,又由语境(如wasriding)可知用一般过去时,故填caught。caught6.(2014样卷·1)Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I’mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I’mnotsurewhat_________(happen).ImadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetablewhenIwenttoanswerthephone.Butsomeonemusthavetakenthembecausethey’regone.在宾语从句中,what是主语,happen应为谓语动词,故要考虑其时态;从下文made,left,went,musthavetaken(一定已拿走)等可知,用一般过去时。happened7.(2014样卷·9)Alan:(openingthefridgedoor)Well,itwasn’tme.ButMum,look!Aretheseyoursandwicheshereonthebottomshelfofthefridge?Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I____________(put)themtherewhenthephonerang.从语境中可知,意思是“我一定是在电话铃响时把它们放进那里了”,对过去情况的推测,表示“一定已经”,用“musthavedone”。(注:像此题这样需要考生根据上下文语气增加情态动词且用完成式这种复杂形式,在高考语法填空中考查的可能性极小)musthaveput思路点拨当句中缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。1.时态确定时态的四条依据:(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来),空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据(如上述真题3和4)但需注意:客观事实或真理可能时态不一致;直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。如:(2015广东卷)Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she_____(fall)overthehillanddied.解析:由anddied可知,与之并列的fall也用一般过去时,故填fell。fell(3)依据时间状语。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用;bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常与完成时连用。(4)依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavespokentoaforeigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadspokentoaforeigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。HardlyhadIgotonthebuswhenitstartedtomove.我一上公交车,就开动了。Ihadnosoonerlaindownthanthetelephonerang.我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenshesuddenlywalkedin.我正在做作业,突然她走了进来。Iwasabouttodomyhomeworkwhenshesuddenlywalkedin.我正要做作业,突然她走了进来。Iwasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthephonerang.我正要出去,电话响了。2.语态主语是谓语动词的执行者,即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是主动关系,用主动语态;主语是谓语动词的承受者,即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,用被动语态。如:(2014广东卷)…butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We__________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek…解析:句中tell(告诉)后没有sb.(人)作宾语,由tellsb.sth.这一句型可知,要用被动语态;又由上下文的时态可知,用一般过去时;主语是we,构成被动语态的be用were,故填weretold。weretold3.语气是否用虚拟语气,主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定,详见考点归纳。如:(2012广东卷)Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,wearingsunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe_____________(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.hadbought解析:因buy在主格人称代词he后,显然是作谓语;又由语境可知,他不是真的买下了这个学校,只是他走进来时的那种气势好像是买下了这所学校一样,故应用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,故填hadbought。194.主谓一致一般来说,主语是单数,谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。以上[真题再练]的第2,3,4题都涉及主谓一致。又如:(2008广东卷)Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften_______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.解析:句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是动名词短语作主语,result应是谓语动词;“急于求成,往往会事与愿违”是客观真理,应当用一般现在时;动名词短语作主语,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填results。results考点归纳谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。1.时态尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态,但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。21现在时态构成(以do为例)过去时态构成(以do为例)注意变化一般将来时willdo过去将来时woulddowill→would一般现在时do/does一般过去时diddo/does→did尽管如此,以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应掌握的:现在时态构成(以do为例)过去时态构成(以do为例)注意变化现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoingam/is/are→was/were现在完成时have/hasdone过去完成时haddonehave/has→had2.语气掌握以下两类八条。类别编号具体情况(烂记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式1if引导虚拟条件句IfIwereyou,Ishouldtakemytime.如果我是你,我就不着急。2without,butfor,otherwise等引出的含蓄虚拟条件ButforyourhelpIwouldhavefallenintheexam.要不是有你的帮助,我这次考试就过不了关。类别编号具体情况(烂记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式3wish后的宾语从句IwishIhadahouseinGuangzhou,butIcan’taffordone.我多希望在广州有房,可是我买不起。4ifonly后的句子IfonlyIwererich.要是我很富有,多好呀!类别编号具体情况(烂记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式5wouldrather后的句子I’dratheryouhadn’tsaidthat.我真希望你没有那样说过。6asif/though后的句子(可能用)Mr.Li,myEnglishteacher,treatsmeasifIwerehisownson.英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。(should+)动词原形1(10个词)一个“坚持(insist)”Iinsistthatshe(should)cometomorrow.我坚持要求她明天来。二个“命令(order,command)”Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。(should+)动词原形1(10个词)三个“建议(advise,suggest,recommend)”Irecommendedthathe(should)seealawyer.我曾建议他去咨询律师。四个“要求(ask,request,require,demand)”Sheaskedthatshe(should)bekeptinformedofdevelopments.她要求告知进展情况。(should+)动词原形2Itisnecessary/natural/important/strangethat…Itisnecessarythathecometotheoffice.他有必要到办公室来。考点练透1.(2015广东卷)Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearbyforotherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat____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