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语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,onSunday,often,usually,always现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,uptonow,inthepastyears,already,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行ateightthismorning,atthistimeyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when过去完成…before,bytheendoflastyear一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作1一般现在时的用法1）经常性或习惯性的动作1.I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play1一般现在时的用法2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.1一般现在时的用法3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(主将从现）①Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.②----Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.----OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken③I’vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe_____timeforagametomorrow.A.shallhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.aregoingtohave④----CanIdriveonthefreeway,MrGreen?-----Youcanwhenyou_____abitmoreskilled.A.willgetB.aregettingC.willhavegotD.get2.现在进行时1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange③----Annworksveryhard.----Infact.Ithinkshe______now.A.studiedB.isstudyingC.studiesD.willstud④Pleasecallagain.Jim_____abathnow.A.hashadB.washavingC.ishavingD.has⑤Mymoney_____.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutofbeforeI’venoneinhand.A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingrunout⑥Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You_____yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadwornB.woreC.arewearingD.werewearing特殊用法：现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go,come,leave,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive，take等。We’removingtothenewbuildingnextweek.现在进行时与always,continually,constantly等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.1.You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyouroom!A.alwaysthrowB.havealwaysthrownC.arealwaysthrowingD.havealwaysbeenthrown2.You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A.alwayswatchB.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatchedD.havealwaysbeenwatching3．有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认识，感情”等状态存在：keep,stay,remain,be,consistof,contain所有：have,belongto,possess,own,hold知觉：sound(听起来)，look/seem/appear(看起来)，(看起来),smell（闻起来）,taste（尝起来）,feel(摸起来)，,,认识：understand,know,suppose,remember,admit,forget,believe,think情感：like,love,hate,prefer,3.现在完成时1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.(Theycleanedtheclassroomandtheclassroomiscleannow.)2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。Hehasn’tgivenmeanymoretroublesincethen.②----WhendidhegotoAmerica?-----Oh,he______theresincehalfayearago.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was③Shelly_____CaliforniaforTexasand____thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked④Collectingstampsasahobby____increasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.]A.becomesB.becameC.hasbecomeD.hadbecome⑤----Howareyoutoday?---Oh,I____asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfelt⑥Rober____mehisaddresstheotherday,butI’mafraidI___it.A.hadgiven,lostB.hasgiven,havelostC.gave,havelostD.gives,lost4一般过去时的用法表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.----Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet.（地毯）----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown3.----WasMaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?------Yes,butshe_____soonafterwards.A.hadleftB.leftC.wouldleaveD.willleave5.过去进行时1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Idon’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticingD.Iwasn’tnoticing2.-----Hey,whatdidIsay?-----I_________.A.I’mnotlisteningB.IwasnotlisteningC.Idon’tlistenedD.Ididn’tlisten2．表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。③-----Whydidn’tyoujoinuslastnight?-----I_____theliveprogramsonthewarbetweenIraqandtheStates.A.watchedB.waswatchingC.hadwatchedD.havebeenwatching④----Whyweren’tyouatthemeeting?----I____foralong–distancecallfrommyfatherinAustralia.A.waitedB.waswaitingC.hadwaitedD.havebeen⑤Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We____anxiousaboutyou.We____youbackmuchearlierallthroughthenight.A.are,expectB.were,hadexpectedC.willbe,areexpectingD.havebeen,wereexpecting⑥----Youlooktired.----Yes.I____untiltwelveo’clock.A.amworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked3．在简单句中有atthattime,then,thistimeyesterday/lastweek,at10o’clocklastnight等具体的