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¸½03TerritorialBehaviourDesmondMorrisAterritoryisadefendedspace.Inthebroadestsense,therearethreekindsofhumanterritory:tribal,family,andpersonal.DESMONDMORRIS:TERRITORIALBEHAVIORAterritoryisadefendedspace.Inthebroadestsense,therearethreekindsofhumanterritory:tribal,family,andpersonal.Itisrareforpeopletobedriventophysicalfightingindefenseofthoseownedspaces,butfighttheywill,ifpushedtothelimit.Theinvadingarmyencroachingonnationalterritory,thegangmovingintoarivaldistrict,thetrespasserclimbingintoanorchard,theburglarbreakingintoahouse,thebullypushingtothefrontofaqueue,thedrivertryingtostealaparkingspace,alloftheseintrudersareliabletobemetwithresistancevaryingfromthevigoroustothesavagelyviolent.Evenifthelawisonthesideoftheintruder,theurgetoprotectaterritorymaybesostrongthatotherwisepeacefulcitizensabandonalltheirusualcontrolsandinhibitions.Attemptstoevictfamiliesfromtheirhomes,nomatterhowsociallyvalidthereasons,canleadtosiegeconditionsreminiscentofthedefenseofamedievalfortress.ThefactthattheseupheavalsaresorareisameasureofthesuccessofTerritorialSignalsasasystemofdisputeprevention.Itissometimescynicallystatedthatallpropertyistheft,butinrealityitistheopposite.Property,asownedspacewhichisdisplayedasownedspace,isaspecialkindofsharingsystemwhichreducesfightingmuchmorethanitcausesit.Manisaco-operativespecies,butheisalsocompetitive,andhisstrugglefordominancehastobestructuredinsomewayifchaosistobeavoided.Theestablishmentofterritorialrightsisonesuchstructure.Itlimitsdominancegeographically.Iamdominantinmyterritoryandyouaredominantinyours.Inotherwords,dominanceissharedoutspatially,andweallhavesome.EvenifIamweakandunintelligentandyoucandominatemewhenwemeetonneutralground,IcanstillenjoyathoroughlydominantroleassoonasIretreattomyprivatebase.Beiteversohumble,thereisnoplacelikeahometerritory.Ofcourse,Icanstillbeintimidatedbyaparticularlydominantindividualwhoentersmyhomebase,buthisencroachmentwillbedangerousforhimandhewillthinktwiceaboutit,becausehewillknowthatheremyurgetoresistwillbedramaticallymagnifiedandmyusualsubserviencebanished.Insultedattheheartofmyownterritory,Imayeasilyexplodeintobattle--eithersymbolicorreal--witharesultthatmaybedamagingtobothofus.Inorderforthistowork,eachterritoryhastobeplainlyadvertisedassuch.Justasadogcocksitslegtodeposititspersonalscentonthetreesinitslocality,sothehumananimalcocksitslegsymbolicallyalloverhishomebase.Butbecausewearepredominantlyvisualanimalsweemploymostlyvisualsignals,anditisworthaskinghowwedothisatthethreelevels:tribal,family,andpersonal.First:theTribalTerritory.Weevolvedastribalanimals,livingincomparativelysmallgroups,probablyoflessthanahundred,andweexistedlikethatformillionsofyears.Itisourbasicsocialunit,agroupinwhicheveryoneknowseveryoneelse.Essentially,thetribalterritoryconsistedofahomebasesurroundedbyextendedhuntinggrounds.Anyneighboringtribeintrudingonoursocialspacewouldberepelledanddrivenaway.Astheseearlytribesswelledintoagriculturalsuper-tribes,andeventuallyintoindustrialnations,theirterritorialdefensesystemsbecameincreasinglyelaborate.Thetiny,ancienthomebaseofthehuntingtribebecomethegreatcapitalcity,theprimitivewar-paintbecametheflags,emblems,uniformsandregaliaofthespecializedmilitary,andthewar-chantsbecamenationalanthems,marchingsongs,andbuglecalls.Territorialboundary-lineshardenedintofixedborders,oftenconspicuouslypatrolledandpunctuatedwithdefensivestructures--fortsandlookoutposts,checkpointsandgreatwalls,and,today,customsbarriers.Todayeachnationfliesitsownflag,asymbolicembodimentofitsterritorialstatus.Butpatriotismisnotenough.Theancienttribalhunterlurkinginsideeachcitizenfindshimselfunsatisfiedbymembershipinsuchavastconglomerationofindividuals,mostofwhomaretotallyunknowntohimpersonally.Hedoeshisbesttofeelthathesharesacommonterritorialdefensewiththemall,butthescaleoftheoperationhasbecomeinhuman.Itishardtofeelasenseofbelongingwithatribeoffiftymillionormore.Hisansweristoformsub-groups,nearertohisancientpattern,smallerandmorepersonallyknowntohim--thelocalclub,theteenagegang,theunion,thespecialistsociety,thesportsassociation,thepoliticalparty,thecollegefraternity,thesocialclique,theprotestgroup,andtherest.Rareindeedistheindividualwhodoesnotbelongtoatleastoneofthesesplintergroups,andtakefromitasenseoftribalallegianceandbrotherhood.TypicalofallthesegroupsisthedevelopmentofTerritorialSignals--badges,costumes,headquarters,banners,slogans,andalltheotherdisplaysofgroupidentity.Thisiswheretheactionis,intermsoftribalterritorialism,andonlywhenamajorwarbreaksoutdoestheemphasisshiftupwardstothehighergrouplevelofthenation.Eachofthesemodernpseudo-tribessetsupitsownspecialkindofhomebase.Inextremecasesnon-membersaretotallyexcluded,inotherstheyareallowedinasvisitorswithlimitedrightsandunderacontrolsystemofspecialrules.Inmanywaystheyarelikeminiaturenations,withtheirownflagsandemblemsandtheirownborderguards.Theexclusiveclubhasitsowncustomsbarrier:thedoormanwhochecksyourpassport(yourmembershipcard)andpreventsstrangersfrompassinginunchallenged.Thereisagovernment:theclubcommittee;andoftenspeciald