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•ThemostimportantCDMwebsite•常用CDM网站•TheelementsoftheCDMProjectCycle(DOE,EB,DNA..)•CDM项目周期元素组成•Submittedmethodologies•已提交方法学CDMProjectCycle(includingSmallScaleCDM)CDM项目周期（包括小规模CDM项目）JørgenFenhannBiomassCDMWorkshop生物质CDM工作组Beijing12-15November2007北京11月12-15日•WhatissmallscaleCDM?•何谓小规模CDM项目？•RegistrationofCDMprojects•CDM项目注册•LetterofApproval(LoA)andUnilateralCDM•批准函及单边CDM项目•CO2,CH4,andN2Oemissionfactors•CO2、CH4及N2O排放因子•Netcalorificvaluesforfuels•燃料净热值Officialhomepage:官方网站(DOEs)指定政府主管机构（DNA）OperationalEntityShortnameNumber%Number%DetNorskeVeritasCertificationDNV119744,3%9536,8%TÜVIndustrieServiceGmbH-TÜVSüdGruppeTÜV-SÜD65824,4%3915,1%SociétéGénéraledeSurveillanceSGS33112,3%7428,7%BureauVeritasCertificationBVCert1495,5%3112,0%TÜV-NordCertGmbH(RWTÜV)TÜV-Nord1345,0%93,5%TÜVIndustrieServiceGmbH-TÜVRheinlandTÜV-Rhein1134,2%10,4%SpanishAssociationforStandardisationandCertificationAENOR291,1%62,3%JapanQualityAssuranceJQA250,9%0,0%JapanConsultingInstituteJCI230,9%0,0%KoreaEnergyManagementCorporationKEMCO150,6%0,0%Lloyd'sRegisterQualityAssuranceLtd.LRQA110,4%0,0%KPMGCertificationB.V.KPMG60,2%0,0%KoreanFoundationforQualityKFQ40,1%0,0%JapanAuditandCertificationOrganisationforEnv.AndQualityJACO20,1%20,8%PricewaterhouseCoopers(PwC)-SouthAfricaPwC20,1%0,0%TohmatsuEvaluationandCertiificationOrganizationTECO10,0%0,0%BritishStandardInstitution(BSI)BSI10,0%0,0%AZSA&CoAZSA0,0%0,0%ColombianInstituteforTechnicalStandardsandCertificationICONTEC0,0%10,4%GFAConsultingGroupGFA0,0%0,0%Namenotavalibalen.a.0,0%0,0%Total2701100,0%258100,0%CDMCDMValidatedprojectsVerifiedprojectsAccumulatednumberof236methodologies01020304050607080901001101201234567891011121314151617181920SubmissionRoundNumberofMethodologiesAC/withdrawnPending44%ofallCDMprojectsaresmall-scale小规模CDM项目占所有CDM项目的44%ProjecttypesSmall-scaleCDMprojectactivitycategoriesNumberTypeI:A.Electricitygenerationbytheuser21RenewableB.Mechanicalenergyfortheuser4energyprojectsC.Thermalenergyfortheuser13715MWD.Renewableelectricitygenerationforagrid737TypeII:A.Supplysideenergyefficiencyimprovements-transmissionanddistribution1EnergyefficiencyB.Supplysideenergyefficiencyimprovements-generation14improvementC.Demand-sideenergyefficiencyprogrammesforspecifictechnologies13projectsD.Energyefficiencyandfuelswitchingmeasuresforindustrialfacilities88E.Energyefficiencyandfuelswitchingmeasuresforbuildings1560GWhsavingsF.Energyefficiencyandfuelswitchingmeasuresforagriculturalfacilitiesandactivities3TypeIII:A.Agriculture(nomethodologiesavailable)0B.Switchingfossilfuels34EB27:C.Emissionreductionsbylow-greenhouseemissionvehicles460ktCO2D.Methanerecovery189reductionE.Avoidanceofmethaneproductionfrombiomassdecaythroughcontrolledcombustion56F.Avoidanceofmethaneproductionfrombiomassdecaythroughcomposting25G.Landfillmethanerecovery13H.Methanerecoveryinwastewatertreatment41I.Avoidanceofmethaneproductioninwastewatertreatmentthroughreplacementofanaerobiclagoonsbyaerobicsystems4J.Avoidanceoffossilfuelcombustionforcarbondioxideproductiontobeusedasrawmaterialforindustrialprocesses0K.Avoidanceofmethanereleasefromcharcoalproductionbyshiftingfrompitmethodtomechanizedcharcoalingprocess1L.Avoidanceofmethaneproductionfrombiomassdecaythroughcontrolledpyrolysis0M.Reductioninconsumptionofelectricitybyrecoveringsodafrompapermanufacturingprocess2N.AvoidanceofHFCemissionsinrigidPolyUrethaneFoam(PUF)manufacturing0O.Hydrogenproductionusingmethaneextractedfrombiogas0P.Recoveryandutilizationofwastegasinrefineryfacilities0Q.Wastegasbasedenergysystems0R.Methanerecoveryinagriculturalactivitiesathousehold/smallfarmlevel0Whyissmall-scaleeasier?为何小规模项目相对容易通过审核？StandardizedsimplifiedbaselinesareprovidedsononewmethodologiesneedstobeapprovedbytheEB.已有标准化的、简化的基准线，故EB无需开发新的方法学•Monitoringmethodologiesaresimplifiedwithalessfrequentandreducedmonitoringplan.•简化的监测方法学减少了监测活动次数•Theadditionalityassessmentrequiresonlyabarrierassessment.•额外性评估仅需障碍性评估•Calculationofleakageisonlyrequiredforbiomassprojectsandwherenewequipmentandexistingequipmentattoplacesareexchanged.•只有生物质能项目及新旧设备交替处需进行泄漏计算•ThesameDOEmayundertakevalidationandverification•审定及核查可由同一DOE完成•Bundlingisallowed•可以小项目打捆Whyissmall-scaleeasier?为何小规模项目相对容易通过审核？Small-scaleprojectsarenotalwayssmall小规模项目并不“小”•Anefficientrefrigeratorsaves200kWh/year.Tobebelow60GWhofsavingsthereisroomfor300.000refrigerators.•一台高效的电冰箱每年可节省200度电。为满足节约6千万度电的（小规模项目）的要求，则可涉及30万台冰箱。•ASolarhomesystemoftenusea50WsolarPV.Tobebelowthe15MWthereisroomfor300.000solarPVs•一个家用太阳能光伏系统通常50瓦的容量。若满足1.5万千瓦，则可涉及30万个太阳能光伏系统Specialrulesforsmallscaleafforestation/reforestation小规模造林/再造林项目特殊规定•A/Rsmallscalemethodologies(8ktCO2)expectedtobeapprovedatCOP/MOP1•小规模造林/再造林项目方法学(8ktCO2)在COP/MOP1会议上被批准•Eachhostcountryhastodefinewhataforestis•各东道国需对森林作出定义•Asmall-scaleA/Rprojectmustbedevelopedandimplementedbyalow-incomecommunity•小规模造林/再造林项目必须由低收入团体开发实施Bundlingwasinthebeginningonlyallowedforsmall-scaleCDMprojects.Nowalsoforlargescaleprojects.在初期仅允许小规模CDM项目打捆目前也允许大规模项目打捆Bundledprojectsactivitieshavethefoll