专升本英语-被动语态

被动语态（一）•一、被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语和谓语的关系。•二、被动语态的结构：be（对应形式）+动词过去分词三、不同时态下的被动语态一般现在时：is/am/are+done一般过去时：was/were+done一般将来时：will/shall+be+donebegoingto+be+done•About100millionsharksarekilledbyhumaneveryyear.•Only12personswerekilledworldwidebysharksin2011.•Theshark’sfins（鱼鳍）willbemadeintofinsoup（鱼翅汤）.•Theshark’sfinsaregoingtobemadeintofinsoup.三、不同时态下的被动语态现在进行时：is/am/are+beingdone过去进行时：was/were+beingdone•Thesharkisbeingsavedbytheman.•Atthesametimeyesterday,manysharkswerebeingsaved.时态结构一般现在时is/am/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时will/shall+be+donebegoingto+be+done现在进行时is/am/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+being+done三、不同时态下的被动语态注意：be变done不变四、情态动词的被动语态Sharkshouldbeprotectedbyhumanbeings.情态动词被动：情态动词+bedone•Humansprotecttheenvironment.•Theenvironmentisprotectedbyhumans.五、主动语态变被动语态主语宾语1.找找主语和宾语2.换主语和宾语调换位置3.改动词改成be+done的正确形式4.加加上by六、主动变被动语态的练习1.Thestudentscleantheirclassroomeveryday.Theirclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.2.Theysetupthenewstationin2004.Thenewstationwassetupin2004.3.Wemustdosomethingtohelpher.Somethingmustbedonetohelpher.4.UncleWangisrepairingmybikenow.MybikeisbeingrepairedbyUncleWangnow.5.Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.（1）没有被动语态的动词a.不及物动词：disappeardieendfailsit★★★注意：如果不及物动词后接介词，则可以使用被动语态eg：Someonebrokeintohisroom.Hisroomwasbrokeninto.b.三发生(takeplace,happen,occur)c.感官动词：tastelooksoundsmellfeel七、特殊用法（不使用被动语态的情况）（2）动词表主语本身性质时不用被动语态如：write、read、wash、sell、ride、cook、wearThepeniswrittensmoothly.(X)Thepenwritessmoothly(√）ThebookiswrittenbyCindy.(√)七、特殊用法（不使用被动语态的情况）一、主动表被动的情况1.特殊动词及短语本身的用法①sth.needdoing=sth.needtobedone某事需要被做②sth.requiredoing=sth.requiretobedone某事需要被做③Thisbookisworthreading.sth.beworthdoing某物值得被做•Tomisseatedintheroom.二、被动表主动的情况beseated坐着bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿着belost迷路主语宾语Lucygavemeawatermelon.IwasgivenawatermelonbyLucy.AwatermelonwasgiventomebyLucy.Tomboughtmeaninterestingbook.IwasboughtaninterestingbookbyTom.AninterestingbookwasboughtformebyTom.三、双宾语的被动语态1.人+bedone+物2.物+bedone+to/for+人*WemakeTomplaybasketball.Tomismadetoplaybasketball.*WeoftenseeTomdance.Tomisoftenseentodance.•see,watch,observe,notice（四看）•make,let,have（三使）•listento,hear（二听）•feel（一感觉）四、部分动词的被动语态还原to•ItissaidthatTomispopular.•常见句型:Itissaidthat…Itisbelievedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itisconsideredthat…Itissaidthat…五、常见句型•1.主动：主+谓+宾eg:Humansprotecttheenvironment.被动：宾+bedone+by+主eg:Theenvironmentisprotectedbyhumans.2.主动：主+谓+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语（物）eg:Tomgavemeacakeyesterday.被动：间接宾语+bedone+直接宾语+by+主eg：IwasgivenacakebyTomyesterday.被动：直接宾语+bedone+to/for+间接宾语+by+主eg：AcakewasgiventomebyTomyesterday.注意：常接for的动词：buy、draw、make、cook（买画做饭）六、主动变被动3.动词短语视作整体，后置的介词副词不能省略。常考动词短语：lookfor、lookafter、laughat、speakto、handin、takecareofeg:HerfriendslaughedatMary.Marywaslaughedatbyherfriends.1.Thiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed2.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcauseCB•3.TVandradioprograms_____theothersideoftheworldwiththehelpofthesatellites.A.cansendtoB.cansendonC.canbesenttoD.canbesenton4.Thepieceofmusic_______great.A.soundsB.soundedC.issoundedD.issoundingCA5.Ourclassroomshould_____cleanandtidy.A.waskeptB.bekeptC.iskeepD.havekept6.Noletter_____sinceyouleftforShanghai.A.havereceivedB.havebeenreceivedC.hadbeenreceivedD.hasbeenreceivedBD7.It_____inasmallvillagelastmonth.AhappenedBwashappenedChappenDhadhappenedD