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风力机设计软件简介Inthewindenergycommunity,thefollowingdesigncodesarecommonlyusedtomodelandsimulatethewindturbinedynamicbehavior,aswellastocarryoutdesigncalculations.•ADAMS/WT(AutomaticDynamicAnalysisofMechanicalSystems-WindTurbine)ADAMS/WTisanadd-onpackageforthegeneral-purpose,multibodypackageADAMS.ADAMS/WTisdevelopedbyMechanicalDynamics,Inc.(MDI)undercontracttotheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(NREL),specificallyformodelinghorizontal-axiswindturbinesofdifferentconfigurations.TheADAMS-codeisintendedfordetailedcalculationsinthefinaldesignstage.BoththesubroutinepackagesAeroDyn(computestheaerodynamicforcesfortheblades)andYawDyn(bladeflapandmachineyaw),developedattheUniversityofUtah,canbeincorporatedinthepackage.Inthe2.0release,ADAMS/WTislimitedtofixed-orfreeyaw,horizontal-axiswindturbineswithtwo-bladedteeteringor3,4or5-bladedrigidhubs.•BLADEDforWindows-OffshoreUpgradeBLADEDforWindowsisanintegratedsoftwarepackageofferingthefullrangeofperformanceandloadingcalculationsrequiredforthedesignandcertificationofbothonshoreandoffshorewindturbines.ThiscodeisdevelopedatGarradHassan&PartnersLtd.,Bristol,England,andhasbeenacceptedbyGermanischerLloydforthecalculationofwindturbineloadsfordesignandcertification.•DUWECS(DelftUniversityWindEnergyConvertorSimulationprogram)Thedevelopmentofthiscodestartedin1986attheMechanicalEngineeringSystemsandControlGroupofDelftUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands,inorderbeabletooptimizecontrolled,flexiblehorizontal-axisonshorewindturbines.In1993DUWECShasbeenextendedtobeabletodealwithoffshorewindturbines.Since1994,thiscodeismaintainedbytheInstituteforWindEnergy,alsofromDelftUniversityofTechnology.•FAST(Fatigue,Aerodynamics,Structures,andTurbulence)ThedesigncodeFASThasbeendevelopedatOregonStateUniversityundercontracttotheWindTechnologyBranchoftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory(NREL).TherearetwoversionsofFAST,notably,atwo-bladedversioncalledFAST-2,andathreebladedversioncalledFAST-3.TheFASTcodeisintendedtoobtainloadsestimatesforintermediatedesignstudies.Thenumberofdegreesoffreedomislimitedinordertoreduceruntimesforawindturbinemodelsimulation.TypicalruntimeswithFAST-2takeaboutonesixththetimerequiredforasimilarADAMS/WTrunforasimilarwindturbinemodel.In1996,NRELhasmodifiedFASTtousetheAeroDynsubroutinepackagedevelopedattheUniversityofUtahtocalculatetheaerodynamicforcesalongtheblade.ThisversionhasbeencalledFAST-AD.•FLEX5ThedesigncodeFLEX5hasbeendevelopedattheFluidMechanicsDepartmentoftheTechnicalUniversityofDenmark.FLEX5simulatesthedynamicbehaviorofbothonshoreandoffshorewindturbineswindturbineswith1to3rotorblades,fixedorvariablespeed,pitchorstallcontrolled.Theaero-elasticmodelisformulatedinthetime-domain,andusesarelativelylimitednumberofdegreesoffreedomtodescriberigidbodymotionsandelasticdeformations.InthepresentversionFLEX5islimitedtomonopilefoundations.•FLEXLAST(FLEXibleLoadAnalysingSimulationTool)ThedevelopmentofFLEXLASTstartedatStorkProductEngineering,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands,in1982.Since1990thecodehasbeenusedforthedesignandcertificationforDutchcompaniesaswellasforforeigncompanies.•FOCUS(FatigueOptimizationCodeUsingSimulations)FOCUSisanintegrateddesigntoolforstructuraloptimizationofrotorblades.ItisdevelopedbyStorkProductEngineering,theStevinLaboratory,andtheInstituteforWindEnergy,thelattertwofromDelftUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands.FOCUSconsistsoffourmainmodules,SWING(stochasticwindgeneration),FLEXLAST(calculationloadtimecycles),FAROB(structuralblademodeling),andGraph(outputhandling).•GAROS(GeneralAnalysisofROtatingStructures)GAROSisageneralpurposeprogramforthedynamicanalysisofcoupledelasticrotatingandnonrotatingstructureswithspecialattentiontohorizontal-axiswindturbines.ThedevelopmentofGAROSstartedin1979ataerodynEnergiesystemeGmbH.•GAST(GeneralAerodynamicandStructuralPredictionToolforWindTurbines)GASTisdevelopedattheFluidsSectionoftheNationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens,Greeceforperformingcompletesimulationsofthebehaviorofwindturbinesoverawiderangeofdifferentoperationalconditions.Itincludesasimulatorofturbulentwindfields,time-domainaero-elasticanalysisofthefullwindturbineconfiguration,andpost-processingofloadsforfatigueanalysis.•HAWC(HorizontalAxisWindTurbineCode)Theaero-elasticcodeHAWCisdevelopedattheWindEnergyDepartmentofRisøNationalLaboratory,Denmark.Besidesactingasa“teststand”forimprovedaeroelasticmodeling,thiscodeisusedforintermediatehorizontal-axiswindturbinedesignstudies.•PHATAS-IV(ProgramforHorizontalAxiswindTurbineAnalysisandSimulation,versionIV)ThePHATAScodeisdevelopedattheDutchEnergyResearchFoundation(ECN)unitRenewableEnergy,Petten,TheNetherlandsforthecalculationofthenon-lineardynamicbehaviorandthecorrespondingloadsofahorizontal-axis,windturbine(bothonshoreandoffshore)intimedomain.•TWISTERTheprogramTWISTERisdevelopedatStentecB.V.,Heeg,TheNetherlands,inordertoanalysethebehaviorofhorizontal-axiswindturbines.TWISTERisthesuccessorofFKA.•VIDYNVIDYNisasimulationprogramforstaticanddynamicanalysisofhorizontal-axiswindturbines.ThedevelopmentofVIDYNbeganin1983atTeknikgruppenAB,Sollentuna,Sweden,