英语四级基础知识

英语四级基础知识一、一个星期七天SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday二、一年十二个月JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember三、一年四季1.spring2.summer3.autumn4.winter四、容易拼写错的数字1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二5.twentieth第二十四、亲属称呼1.daughter(女儿)2.niece(女性晚辈)3.nephew(男性晚辈)4.cousin(同辈兄弟姐妹)5.aunt(女性长辈)6.uncle(男性长辈)五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔2.control(controlled,controlling)控制3.admit(admitted,admitting)承认4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现5.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿6.refer(referred,referring)提到7.forget(forgetting)忘记8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备注意：quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰6.hang(作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7.lie–lied–lied说谎;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid-laid放置8.seek(sought,sought)寻求9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12.spread(spread,spread)传播13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎16.wear(wore;worn)穿/戴17.hold(held,held)18.make(made,made)19.keep(kept,kept)七、意思相近的词1.check（核对）/examine(检查)/test（测试）2.receive（收到）/accept（接受）3.destroy（毁坏；毁灭）/damage（破坏）4.celebrate(庆祝)/congratulate（祝贺）5.wearsth/dresssb穿衣八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1.long—length长度2.wide—width宽度3.high—height高度4.strong—strength力量九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1.German(Germans)德国人2.gulf(gulfs)海湾3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕roof(roofs)房顶4.hero(英雄)，potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1.succeed—success成功2.pronounce—pronunciation发音3.explain—explanation解释4.decide—decision决定5.enter—entrance进入6.permit—permission允许7.consider—consideration考虑8.expect—expectation期待9.discover—discovery发现10.bury—burial埋葬11.conclude—conclusion得出结论12.arrive—arrival到达13.weigh—weight重量14.describe—description描述15.lose—loss损失16.anxious---anxiety焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1.beautiful美丽的—beautifully2.possible可能的—possibly3.practical实际的—practically4.particular特别的—particularly5.successful成功的—successfully十三、其它必背单词1.abroad国外2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)3.accept接受)4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶然的，accidentallyadv.偶然地)5.achievement成就(achievev.获得)6.address地址7.admire钦佩8.admit承认（admitted)9.agreement协议10.agriculture农业(agriculturaladj.农业的)industry工业（industrial工业的）11.altogether总共12.ancient古代的13.announce宣告、通知announcement(n.口头通知)14.anxiety忧虑(anxiousadj.焦急的，anxiouslyadv.焦急地)15.apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)16.appear出现（appearance外貌n.）disappear消失/不见17.appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thanksb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.)18.Asian(亚洲的)19.assistant助手20.astonish吃惊(astonishmentn.吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)21.astronaut宇航员22.atmosphere气氛23.attempt尝试(n/v)attempttodosth24.attentively专心地25.attention专心payattentiontodoingsth26.attitude态度27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)28.average平均/平均的onaverage平均30.balance平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生态平衡31.beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)beautify美化32.believe相信(beliefn.信念，其复数是beliefs)33.beyond超过34.biology生物35.birthday生日36.bravery勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地37.broad宽阔的38.broadcast广播(broadcast;broadcast;)39.care关心careful小心的carefully小心地40.ceiling天花板41.cinema电影院42.celebrate庆祝43.celebration庆祝n.44.century世纪45.challenge挑战46.character性格47.charge收费bechargeof/takechargeof管理…48.comfortv.&n.安慰comfortable舒适的adj.comfortablyadv.舒适地50.comment评论51.communicate（vt）communication(n)交流52.competition竞赛(competev.竞赛competitor竞赛者)53.composition作文54.concert音乐会55.concludev.conclusionn.结论56.condition情况(conditions条件)57.concern关心(vt)58.congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)59.constant不断的constantly不断地60.construction(建设)61.continue继续62.contribution贡献(contributev.)makecontributionsto对…做出贡献63.convenient(adj.)方便的conveniently方便地64.conversation谈话65.coughing咳嗽66.cousin表兄弟67.cruel的(adj.cruelly残酷地adv.)68.curious好奇的(curiosityn.好奇)69.culture（cultural文化的adj.）70.customer顾客72.custom习俗73.destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)74.declare宣称75.delicious美味76.damage损坏77.determined有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事78.develop发展(developmentn.developing发展中的，developed发达的)79.dialogue对话80.diary日记(dairy奶制品)81.difference不同点(复数differences)different不同的differently不同地differfrombedifferentfrommakedifferences82.disappointed失望的(disappointing让人失望的)83.disappointment失望84.discovery发现(复数discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer)85.disturb打扰86.dollar美元(其复数是dollars)87.downstairs楼下upstairs楼上88.dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89.electricity电(electrical电的，electric电的)90.employ雇用(employmentn.employer雇主，employee雇员)91.empty倒空(可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92.encourage鼓励(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事93.energy能量94.envelope信封95.envyn.妒忌96.equal(平等的)equality平等97.equipment设备98.especially尤其是99.essential(重要的)100.European欧洲人101.event事件107.expert专家102.excellent极好(excellencen.excellentlyadv.)104.exhibition展览105.expense耗费expensive昂贵的106.experience经验/经历(experienced有经验的)anunusualexperience一次不同寻常的经历havemuchexperience经验丰富108.express(vt)表达expression(n)138.impress印象impression(n.)109.failv.失败failuren.失败failtodosth没做成某事110.familiar(熟悉的)befamiliarto/with112.favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的113.figure人物/数字114.finger