1/5主语从句讲解主语从句主语从句定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句。主语从句是在复合句中充任主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。1.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that,whetherThattheyweretruesisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.(2)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whoevercomesiswelcome.(3)连接副词where,when,how,why2.主语从句是在复合句中充任主语的从句,其功同名词一样。为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,而把真正主语放在句子末尾。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.=Itisobviousthatheisthebeststudentintheclass.注意:主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。2/5例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?3.主语从句用陈述语序。关联词位于句首不能省略。Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.4.主语从句中注意的事项:1)在主语从句中,谓语动词大凡用单数。Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance.Whoeversaysthisiswrong.但谓语动词用单数还是复数,不可一概而论,而要视句子的意义而定WhatIneedismoney.WhatIneedarebooks.2)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充任句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that则不然。Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.3/5Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.3)It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平均句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较①主语从句常用it作形式主语,大凡常用句型为:Itis+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如:Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.②而强调句则例外,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句强调主语:Itisthetimesthatproducetheirheroes.时势造英雄强调宾语:ItisEnglishthatProf.Linteachesus.强调状语:ItwasinshanghaithatIsawthefilm.判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句统统的句子了,那就说明是强调句。Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.Itisamysterythathisdeathremained.4)whether与if4/5whether引导主语从句时,常置于句首(此时whether不能用if代替),也有后移的用法(此时whether可以用if代替)Whethertheywillcomeisnotyetknown.Itisnotyetknownwhether/iftheywillgothere.whether和if的区别还有:1.引导表语从句用whetherThequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.2.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.3.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.5)用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…5/5Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…