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WORD格式整理版专业学习参考资料非谓语动词基本概念及用法一、动词不定式todo现在分词v-ing过去分词v-edThinkingabouttheseexamples:thebridgetobebuilt将建造的桥,thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的桥,thebridgebuilt已经建好的桥二、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是Hewillcomevisityou，而是Hewillcometovisityou.这里就用了不定式tovisit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。例：Tomsatunderatreeandseeinghisfriend,upinnotime.A.tostandB.standingC.stoodD.wouldstand分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语V-ing形式现在分词△△△△动名词△△△△不定式（todo）△△△△△△过去分词(done)△△△△Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.Haveyouanythingtodeclare?Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Hesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ionceheardhimsingthissong.Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.Thesituationisencouraging.Shelookeddisappointed.Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.Isthisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher?Themeetingheldlastweekisveryimportant.Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式todotobedoneforsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never进行式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/动名词一般式doingbeingdonesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’sdoing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneWORD格式整理版专业学习参考资料现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resistfeellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意思是，意味着）can’thelp（to）do（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了consider…tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事一.作主语表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词1.___isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly答案:1.B2.C考点1.动名词的完成式一般不做主语1)Itwas____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.（D为什么不行？）A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed2)________thehomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.（但复合结构可以）A.Theboy’snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy’shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone答案:1.B2.A二.作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语考点2.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有：agree(同意),ask(请、要),attempt(试图),afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申请care(想要),choose(决定、要),decide(决定),desire(希望),determine(决心),help帮助expect(期望),fail(未能),hope(希望),intend(打算),learn(学习),manage(设法),offer(愿意),plan(计划、打算),pretend(假装),refuse(拒绝、谢绝),wish(希望)等等promise答应want想要wish希望考点3.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：admit承认advise建议allow允许appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay推迟deny否认discuss讨论dislike不喜欢enjoy喜爱escape逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原谅giveup放弃imagine想像keep保持mention提及mind介意miss没赶上pardon原谅permit允许practise练习prevent阻止?摇prohibit禁止putoff推迟report报告risk冒险stop停止suggest建议understand理解feellike想做某事考点4.有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别forget，remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，还未作meantodo,打算作某事；meandoing,意味着WORD格式整理版专业学习参考资料trytodo,尽力作某事；trydoing,尝试着作某事want/need/requiredoingsth,表示被动；regretdoingsth.对做过的某事表示后悔；regrettosay,很抱歉的说like/hatedoing,经常性的，like/hatetodo,特定的某一次be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事，usedtodo过去经常做某事beusedtodo被用来做can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo忍不住做某事can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事stopdoing停止正在做着的某事；stoptodo停下来做别的事情goondoing继续做原来做的事goontodo接着干别的事情forbid/allowdoingsomething;forbid/allowsomebodytodosomething考点5.except,but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to,否则要带to1)Thereisnothingtodoexcept___tillitstopssnows.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits2)Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut___theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy答案:1.C2.A三.作表语考点6.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语(表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to)1)Herwishis__________anengineer.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome2)Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureis__________.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish3)WhatYangLiweiwantedtodowhenhegotoutofthespaceshipwas___thejoywithalltheChinese.4)A.shareB.sharedC.havingsharedD.abouttoshare答案:1.C2.A3.A考点7.Remaintobedone还有待于，还要看---1)Itremains_____whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2)Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,buti