IT项目可行性分析(多伦多大学)

1UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.1Lecture7:theFeasibilityStudyWhatisafeasibilitystudy?Whattostudyandconclude?TypesoffeasibilityTechnicalEconomicScheduleOperationalQuantifyingbenefitsandcostsPaybackanalysisNetPresentValueAnalysisReturnonInvestmentAnalysisComparingalternativesUniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.2Whyafeasibilitystudy?Objectives:Tofindoutifansystemdevelopmentprojectcanbedone:...isitpossible?...isitjustified?Tosuggestpossiblealternativesolutions.Toprovidemanagementwithenoughinformationtoknow:WhethertheprojectcanbedoneWhetherthefinalproductwillbenefititsintendedusersWhatthealternativesare(sothataselectioncanbemadeinsubsequentphases)WhetherthereisapreferredalternativeAmanagement-orientedactivity:Afterafeasibilitystudy,managementmakesa“go/no-go”decision.NeedtoexaminetheprobleminthecontextofbroaderbusinessstrategyUniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.3ContentofafeasibilitystudyThingstobestudiedinthefeasibilitystudy:ThepresentorganizationalsystemStakeholders,users,policies,functions,objectives,...Problemswiththepresentsysteminconsistencies,inadequaciesinfunctionality,performance,…GoalsandotherrequirementsforthenewsystemWhichproblem(s)needtobesolved?Whatwouldthestakeholdersliketoachieve?Constraintsincludingnonfunctionalrequirementsonthesystem(preliminarypass)Possiblealternatives“Stickingwiththecurrentsystem”isalwaysanalternativeDifferentbusinessprocessesforsolvingtheproblemsDifferentlevels/typesofcomputerizationforthesolutionsAdvantagesanddisadvantagesofthealternativesThingstoconclude:FeasibilityoftheprojectThepreferredalternative.UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.4ExploringFeasibilityThe“PIECES”frameworkUsefulforidentifyingoperationalproblemstobesolved,andtheirurgencyPerformanceIscurrentthroughputandresponsetimeadequate?InformationDoendusersandmanagersgettimely,pertinent,accurateandusefullyformattedinformation?EconomyAreservicesprovidedbythecurrentsystemcost-effective?Couldtherebeareductionincostsand/oranincreaseinbenefits?ControlArethereeffectivecontrolstoprotectagainstfraudandtoguaranteeinformationaccuracyandsecurity?EfficiencyDoescurrentsystemmakegooduseofresources:people,time,flowofforms,…?ServicesArecurrentservicesreliable?Aretheyflexibleandexpandable?SeethecoursewebsiteforamorespecificlistofPIECESquestions2UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.5UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.6TechnicalfeasibilityIstheprojectpossiblewithcurrenttechnology?EconomicfeasibilityIstheprojectpossible,givenresourceconstraints?SchedulefeasibilityIsitpossibletobuildasolutionintimetobeuseful?OperationalfeasibilityIfthesystemisdeveloped,willitbeused?FourTypesoffeasibilityTechnicalfeasibilityIstheprojectpossiblewithcurrenttechnology?Whattechnicalriskisthere?Availabilityofthetechnology:Isitavailablelocally?Canitbeobtained?Willitbecompatiblewithothersystems?EconomicfeasibilityIstheprojectpossible,givenresourceconstraints?Whatarethebenefits?BothtangibleandintangibleQuantifythem!Whatarethedevelopmentandoperationalcosts?Arethebenefitsworththecosts?SchedulefeasibilityIsitpossibletobuildasolutionintimetobeuseful?Whataretheconsequencesofdelay?Anyconstraintsontheschedule?Cantheseconstraintsbemet?OperationalfeasibilityIfthesystemisdeveloped,willitbeused?Humanandsocialissues…Potentiallabourobjections?Managerresistance?Organizationalconflictsandpolicies?Socialacceptability?legalaspectsandgovernmentregulations?UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofComputerScience©2004-5SteveEasterbrook.Thispresentationisavailablefreefornon-commercialusewithattributionunderacreativecommonslicense.7(1)TechnicalFeasibilityIstheproposedtechnologyorsolutionpractical?Dowecurrentlypossessthenecessarytechnology?Dowepossessthenecessarytechnicalexpertise…andistheschedulereasonableforthisteam?Isrelevanttechnologymatureenoughtobeeasilyappliedtoourproblem?Whatkindsoftechnologywillweneed?Someorganizationsliketousestate-of-the-arttechnology…butmostprefertousematureandproventechnology.Amaturetechnologyhasalargercustomerbaseforobtainingadviceconcerningproblemsandimprovements.Istherequiredtechnologyavailable“inhouse”?Ifthetechnologyisavailable:…doesithavethecapacitytohandlethesolution?Ifthetechnologyisnotavai