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I摘要材料试验机是材料性能研究、检测的重要仪器设备，主要功能是对材料、零件、构件的力学性能和工艺性能进行测试。随着对材料性能要求的越来越严格，需要材料试验机具有多样的加载方式和测试方法以及更严格的测试精度，因此，要求与之对应的材料试验机测控系统具有更高的精度、更强的功能、更好的实时性以及更好的可靠性。对于新型材料试验机测控系统的开发，采用嵌入式实时操作系统作为设计基础和运行平台，无疑是一个较好的选择。基于以上背景，本文设计开发了一种新型材料试验机嵌入式实时测控系统。本论文在分析和比较国内外先进材料试验机的基础上，吸收先进的微电子技术和试验机控制技术，结合具体的工程应用背景，对电子拉力试验机的机械部分、测试流程、数据采集、电机控制、人机交互等进行了系统的分析与研究，在此基础上确定了基于32位ARM微处理器SEP3203和/COSµII嵌入式实时操作系统的高精度万能材料试验机测试系统的整体设计开发方案。本课题从电子拉力试验机的原理和需求出发，设计并开发了测控系统的硬件子系统和软件子系统。硬件子系统设计中，详细分析并设计了最小系统、信号采集、电机控制、触摸屏输入、显示输出等模块。软件子系统的设计中，详细分析了功能目标、任务划分、任务设计、人机交互等方面的内容，并介绍了力传感器信号采集程序的设计。最后，在样机上完成了橡胶试样的拉伸和撕裂试验，检验了本论文所研制的电子拉力试验机测控系统的有效性和可行性，证明了硬件选型、设计及软件编程上的正确性，达到了预期的控制效果。关键词：电子拉力试验机，嵌入式系统，信号采集，伺服电机，/COSµIIIIABSTRACTMaterialtestingmachinesareimportantinstrumentswidelyusedfortheresearchofmaterialperformance,andtheyareimportantinproductcheck,qualitycontrol.Withincreasinglystringentrequirementsofmaterialperformance,testingmachinesarerequiredwithavarietyofloadingmode,diversetestingmethodandhighertestingaccuracy.Thusit'srequiredthatthetestingmachinecontrolsystemsshouldbebetterinaccuracy,morecomprehensiveinfunctions,higherinreal-timeperformanceandbetterinreliability.Consideringthemaintenance,upgradeandreal-timeperformanceofsystem,it'sthebestchoicetodevelopthematerialtestingmachinecontrolsystemwithanembeddedreal-timeOS.Thedissertationstudiesonthedevelopingofanewtypeofautotensiletestingmachinecontrolsystem.Thecontrolsystemoftheautotensiletestingmachineisbasedon32-bitARM7microprocessorSEP3203and/COSµIIwhichisakindofreal-timeembeddedoperationsystem.Onthebasisoftheanalysisandstudyofthemechanicalstructure,testingprocess,dataacquisition,motorcontrolandhumaninterface,thedesignschemeoftheembeddeduniversaltestingmachinecontrolsystemisdetermined.It'saimedtodesignatestingcontrolsystemthathastheoutstandingcharacteristicsofhighspeedandprecision.Themainarchitectureanddesignschemeoftheembeddedcontrolsystemisanalyzedfromtheprincipleofautotensiletestingmachineandthecustomers'requirements.Thehardwaresub-systemandsoftwaresub-systemarethemostimportanttwopartsofthedevelopmentofthissystem.Forthedevelopmentofthehardwaresub-system,thebasicsystem,signalacquisition,motorcontrol,customerinput,LCDoutputandsomeothermodulesareintroducedindetails.Forthedevelopmentofthesoftwaresub-system,thedesigntarget,divideoftasks,designoftasks,humaninterface,programdesignofforcesensorsignalacquisitionandsoon,areallintroducedtoo.Finally,authorimplementedthecontrolsystemfortheautotensiletestingmachine,completedthetensileandteartestofrubbersample.Itwasproventobeavailableandrealizable.Thechoicesofhardwareanddesignofsoftwarewerealsoproventobevalidity.Thecontrollerachievedallexpectableresults.Keywords：Materialtestingmachines,embeddedsystem,signalacquisition,servomotor,/COSµIIIII目录摘要..................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.....................................................................................................II第一章绪论.....................................................................................................11.1前言...........................................................................................................................11.2课题来源与意义.......................................................................................................11.3试验机的发展状况及发展趋势................................................................................21.3.1试验机发展状况.............................................................................................21.3.2试验机的发展趋势.........................................................................................31.3.3试验机测控技术的国内外发展状况..............................................................31.4嵌入式技术系统开发概述.......................................................................................51.4.1嵌入式系统定义.............................................................................................51.4.2嵌入式系统的应用.........................................................................................51.4.3嵌入式技术在试验机中的应用......................................................................61.4.4嵌入式系统结构.............................................................................................71.4.5嵌入式系统设计.............................................................................................81.5研究内容...................................................................................................................9第二章试验机测控系统总体方案设计.......................................................102.1材料力学性能和测试.............................................................................................102.1.1静拉伸试验...................................................................................................102.2电子拉力试验机测控系统主要技术指标..............................................................122.3电子拉力试验机测控系统组成与工作原理..........................................................132.4拉力试验机测控系统工作过程分析......................................................................142.5试验机测控系统设计要求........