L2_Construction工程项目管理专业外语

专业英语ProfessionalEnglishforConstructionManagement高等学校工程管理专业应用型本科规划教材◎Introduction“Toformbyassemblingparts”isthedictionarydefinitionforconstruction,butthephrasealsoisametaphorfortheconstructionprocessitself.Justasdivergentmaterialscometogethertoformastructure,so,too,doesadiversegroupofpeoplecometogethertomaketheprojectpossible.Tobringtogethernumerousindependentbusinessesandcorporatepersonalitiesintoonegoalorientedprocessisthepeculiarchallengeoftheconstructionindustry.Theorganizationalculturesofarchitects,engineers,owners,builders,manufacturers,andsuppliersmayseemtoworkagainsttherealneedtoforgeapartnershipthatwillensurethesuccessofaproject[1].Constructionindustryisabasiconetooureconomyandtoourdailylives.Thehighwayswedriveon,thebridgeswecross,thewaterwedrink,thefuelweburn,allaremadepossiblebytheactivitiesoftheconstruction.Likewise,whereweshop,wherewework,whereweworshipandlearn,andwhereweliveandexistbecauseoftheconstruction.Designershavevisions,butuntilthecontractorbuilds,thosevisionsarejustdreamsonasheetofpaper.1.SelectedEnglishReadings—Text2.Note3.textTranslationandAnalysis4.OralEnglishPracticeUnit2ConstructionandConstructionManagement◎ConstructionprojectConstructionprojectsinvolvemuchtimeandexpense,andcontrolofthemisrequirediftheyaretobecompletedwithintheestablishedtimeandcostlimitations[2].Effectivemanagementofaprojectrequiresaconsiderablebackgroundofgeneralknowledgeabouttheconstructionindustry.Sothepurposeoftheunitistofamiliarizethereaderwithcertainfundamentalsofconstructionpractice.Constructionprojectsareintricateandtime-consumingundertakings.Thetotaldevelopmentofaprojectnormallyconsistsofseveralphasesrequiringadiverserangeofspecializedservices.Inprogressingfrominitialplanningtoprojectcompletion,thetypicaljobpassesthroughsuccessiveanddistinctstagesthatdemandinputsfromsuchdisparatedirectionsasfinancialorganizations,governmentalagencies,engineers,architects,lawyers,insuranceandsuretycompanies,contractors,andbuildingtradesmen.1.SelectedEnglishReadings—Text2.Note3.textTranslationandAnalysis4.OralEnglishPracticeUnit2ConstructionandConstructionManagementConstructionprojectDuringtheconstructionprocessitself,evenastructureofmodestproportionsinvolvesmanyskills,materials,andliterallyhundredsofdifferentoperations.Tosomedegreeeachconstructionprojectisunique,andnotwoareeverquitealike.Initsspecifics,eachstructureistailoredtosuititsenvironment,arrangedtoperformitsownparticularfunction,anddesignedtoreflectpersonaltastesandpreferences.Thevagariesoftheconstructionsiteandthepossibilitiesforcreativeandutilitarianvariationofeventhemoststandardizedbuildingproductcombinetomakeeachconstructionprojectnewanddifferentexperience.1.SelectedEnglishReadings—Text2.Note3.textTranslationandAnalysis4.OralEnglishPracticeUnit2ConstructionandConstructionManagementConstructionprojectTheconstructionprocessissubjecttotheinfluenceofhighlyvariableandsometimesunpredictablefactors.Theconstructionteam,whichincludesarchitects,engineers,tradesmen,subcontractors,materialdealers,andothers,changesfromonejobtothenext.Allthecomplexitiesinherenttodifferentconstructionsitessuchassubsoilconditions,surfacetopography,weather,transportation,materialsupply,utilitiesandservices,localsubcontractors,andlaborconditionsareaninnatepartofconstruction.Asaconsequenceofthesecircumstances,constructionprojectsaretypifiedbytheircomplexityanddiversityandbythenon-standardizednatureoftheirproduction.Theuseoffactory-producedmodularunitsmaydiminishthisindividualitysomewhat,butitisunlikelythatfieldconstructionwilleverbeabletoadaptitselfcompletelytothestandardizedmethodsandproductuniformityofassembly-lineproduction.1.SelectedEnglishReadings—Text2.Note3.textTranslationandAnalysis4.OralEnglishPracticeUnit2ConstructionandConstructionManagement◎ConstructionprojectmanagementConstructionprojectmanagementisconcernedwithplanning,scheduling,andcontrollingnonroutineactivitieswithincertaintimeandresourceconstrains[3].Ifaconstructionprojectistobeconstructedwithinitsestablishedbudgetandtimeschedule,closemanagementcontroloffieldoperationsisanecessity.Constructionprojectconditionsincludetechnicalcomplexity,importanceoftimelycompletion,resourcelimitations,andcontrolofconstructionoperations.Unfortunately,theconstructionprocessonceitissetintomotionisnotaself-regulatingmechanismandrequiresexpertguidanceifeventsaretoconformtoplans[4].Itmustberememberedthatconstructionprojectsareone-timeandlargelyuniqueeffortsoflimitedtimeduration,whichinvolveworkofanon-standardizedandvariablenature[5].1.SelectedEnglishReadings—Text2.Note3.textTranslationandAnalysis4.OralEnglishPracticeUnit2ConstructionandConstructionManagementConstructionprojectmanagementFieldconstructionworkcanbeprofoundlyaffectedbyeventsthataredifficult,ifnotimpossibletoanticipate.Undersuchuncertainandshiftingconditions,fieldconstructioncostsandtimerequirementsareconstantlychangingandcanseriouslydeterioratewithlittleornoadvancewarning.Skilledandunremittingmanagementeffortisnotjustdesirable,itisabsolutelyimperativeforasatisfactoryfinalresult.Undermostco