大学英语-翻译课件-英译汉6_omission

Lecture6:OmissionI.WhatisOmissionOmission:Amplificationtoleaveoutsomeunnecessarywords(thoughnecessaryinthesourcelanguage)OneofthedifferencesinsyntaxbetweenEnglishandChineseisthedisparityinwording.Whatisregardedasanaturalorindispensableelementinonelanguagemayberegardedassuperfluousoreven“astumblingblock”intheother.Wordyandunnatural!What?Why?Forthesakeofsuccinctness,functionalwordsinEnglishsuchasthearticle,theprepositionareusuallyomittedintranslation.Byomission,wemakeourtranslationmoreexpressiveandexplicit.Hetookoffhiscoatandshoes.Thenheputonhisslippers，wenttothesofaandbegantowatchTV.Afteramoment,heaskedhiswifetobringhimacupoftea.他脱了大衣和鞋子，然后穿上拖鞋，走到沙发前，开始看电视。过了一会儿，他叫妻子给他端杯茶来。Adifferencearosebetweentheneighborsovertheheightofthefence.邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。Better:邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。（思果，《译道探微》，2002）SpecifictechniquesI.Omissionofpronoun1.E:Pronounassubject:you,we,one(s),it,Pronounasobject:us,you,one(s),itPronounasattributive:one’s,C:No-subjectHewasthinandhaggardandhelookedmiserable.他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。Hewaswell-favoured,bright,agooddancer,afairshotandafinetennisplayer.Hewasanassetatanyparty.Hewaslavishwithflowersandexpensiveboxesofchocolate,andthoughheentertainedlittle,whenhediditwaswithanoriginalitythatpleased.他很聪明，舞跳得不错，枪打得也可以，网球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿，任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客，请起来也别有一番创意，让人开心不已。Static!Dynamic!Asyoucomeintotheroom,you’llnoticeapiano.一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。Onecanneverbetoocarefulinone’swork.工作越仔细越好。Thesignificanceofamanisnotinwhatheattainsbutratherinwhathelongstoattain.人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatandshelterforusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.知识是人到老年舒适而又必须的归宿。如果年轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树荫的遮蔽。Evenasthedoctorwasrecommendingrest,heknewthatthisinitselfwasnotenough,thatonecouldnevergetrealrestwithoutapeacefulmind.尽管医生建议休息，他也知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静，是休息不好的。SometimespronounasobjectPleasetakeofftheoldpictureandthrowitaway.请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。Gatheringfacts,confirmingthem,suggestingtheories,testingthem,andorganizingfindings—thisisallworkofscience.收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以及归纳整理研究成果——这全都是科学工作的内容。Sothetraincame,hepinchedhislittlesisterlovingly,andputhisgreatarmsabouthismother’sneckandthenwasaway.火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用两条巨大的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后走了。Herdarkhairwaveduntidyacrossherbroadforehead,herfacewasshort,herupperlipshort,showingaglintofteeth,herbrowswerestraightanddark,herlasheslonganddark,hernosestraight.她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出亮亮的牙齿；眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。Itisnotentirelyrighttosaythatifthereisfood,leteveryoneshareit.说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。Beaplacewhatitmay,onegetstolikeit,ifoneliveslonginit.无论怎样的地方，要是住得久了，总会渐渐喜欢起那地方的。“It”forstressItisonlyshallowpeoplewhojudgebyappearances.只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。ItwasonlythenIbegantohavedoubtswhethermystorywouldeverbetold.只是那时我才开始怀疑我的经历究竟能不能公之于众。II.OmissionofconjunctionIfwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?(Shelly,OdetotheWestWind)冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ItwasakeendisappointmentwhenIhadtopostponethevisitwhichIhadintendedtopaytoChinainMay.Iwasdelightedwhen,asaresultoftheeffortofyourcompany,itprovedpossibletoreinstatethevisitsoquickly.原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。由于贵公司的努力，访问这么快得以重新安排，非常高兴。Hewaslazy,peevish,andabon-vivant;theappearanceofaladyfrightenedhimbeyondmeasure;henceitwasbutseldomthathejoinedthepaternalcircleinRussellSquare,wheretherewasplentyofgaiety,andwherethejokesofhisgood-naturedoldfatherfrightenedhisamour-propre(self-esteem).他生性懒惰，脾气暴躁，讲究吃喝，一看见女人就吓得半死。勒塞尔广场的家人多热闹；他的父亲性情随和，很爱开玩笑，说的话常常扫他的面子，害得他不敢多回老家。However,suchchangeisnoteasyandcanbeaccomplishedonlywhenleadersofbothsideshavenoillusions,talkwithcandour,andmeetdifferenceshead-on.然而，要实现这种改变并非易事，只有双方领导抛弃幻想，开诚布公，正视差异才能实现。III.OmissionoftheArticlesThearticleisthehallmarkofEnglish.However,wedonothavethearticlesinChinese.Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.月亮从海边慢慢升起。Thehorseisausefulanimal.Thingsofakindcometogether;peopleofamindfallintothesamegroup.物以类聚，人以群分。Winteristhebesttimetostudythegrowthoftrees.Althoughtheleavesaregoneandthebranchesarebare,thetreesthemselvesarebeautiful.冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树本身却是美丽的。Note:Sometimesarticlescannotbeomitted：Jackoftendrivesat90milesanhour.WeencloseachequeforUS$10,000.Indefinitearticleindicating“one”or“acertain”IV.OmissionofprepositionNowcomplaintsareheardinallpartsofthatcountry.该国各地怨声载道。Rumourshadalreadyspreadalongthestreetsandlanes.各种流言传遍了大街小巷。Note:prepfollowingverbcannotbeomitted.Hestoodbythedesk.Shehidbehindthedoor.V.OmissionofverbsWhenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.气压低，沸点就低。Withregardtotheirproducts,theyhavethesameconcernsoftheinterrelationshipofdesign,materialsandmanufacturingprocess.关于产品，他们同样要考虑设计、材料和制造过程三者之间的相互关系。VI.OmissionofredundantwordsPart-timejobhunterswhohaveworkedatajobwillreceivepreferenceoverthosewhohavenot.寻找业余工作者，有工作经验者优先聘用。Therewasnosnow,theleavesweregonefromthetrees,thegrasswasdead.没有下雪，但已叶落草枯。Exercise1Awisemanwillnotmarryawoman,whohasattainmentbutnovirtue.2Asquarehasfoursides.3Theserviceinthisrestaurantisnonetoofast.4Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.5Smokingi