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2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.”Althoughthismightbeexcellentadviceinmattersconcerningfamilyandfriends,borrowingandlendingarefrequentlythefoundationofaboomingeconomy.Aloanisasumofmoneyborrowedforalimitedperiod.Aloanmaybeobtainedfromanindividualorfromaninstitutionsuchasabankandisgenerallygrantedataspecificrateofinterest.Interestisthefeethattheborrowerpaystousethemoney.Anextremelyhighrateofinterest---andcertainlyanyamountmorethanlawpermits---iscalledusury.Lendingmoneycanbeariskybusiness,forthereisalwaysthepossibilitythattheborrowermaynotbeabletopaytheloan.Forthisreason,alendergenerallyrequirestheborrowertoregistersomethingvaluableofhisorhers,knownascollateral(抵押),asapartoftheloanagreement.Ahouseoranautomobile,investmentsinthestockmarket,eventhevalueofabusiness,areallexamplesofcollateralthatalendermaybewillingtoacceptintheeventthattheborrowerfailstopaytheloan.Therearetwomajorsortsofloans:consumerloansandcommercialloans.Aconsumerloanisonethatismadetoanindividual,anditmaybetobuyahouseoranautomobileortofinanceaneducation.Acommercialloanmaybeusedtostartanewbusiness,payfornewequipmentandstaff,orexpandanofficeorfactory.Thebusinessofmakingloansalsocontributestoahealthyeconomybyenhancingtheemploymentmarket.Loansallowconsumerstobuyandimprovehomes,creatingjobsforcarpenters,architectsandetc.Loansenablebusinessestoexpand,andwhenthesebusinessesopenabranchofficeoranewstore,theyalsoincreasetheirconsumptionofofficesupplies,furnishings,andcomputers.Inaboomingeconomy,moneycirculatesquickly,andeachdealrepresentsearningsforsomeone.Itmaybereasonabletosaythatacertainlevelofdebtisnormal,evennecessary,toahealthyeconomyaslongastheindividualborrowerorbusinessiscarefulandtrynottotakeonmorethanamanageableamountofdebt.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)81.“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.”isexcellentadviceforkeepinggoodfamilyandfriendswhileitis__________.82.Whatisthepurposeofcollateralinaloanagreement?83.Differentfromcommercialloans,consumerloansmaybeusedto__________.84.Howcantheindividualborrowerorbusinessprofitfromaboomingeconomy?81.notforbuilding/developingabooming/fast-growingeconomy82.Topreventtheborrowerfromnotpayingtheloan./…83.fulfill/achievethepurposeofpersonaldevelopment/…84.Bybeingcarefulandavoidingbeingintoomuchdebt/…（闸北）Asoninmanydevelopingcountriesmeansinsurance,whowillinherithisfather'spropertyandhelpsupportthefamily.However,toparents,adaughterisjustanotherexpense.Herplaceisinthehome,notintheworldofmen.Agirlcan'thelpbutfeelinferiorwheneverythingaroundhertellsherthatsheisworthlessthanaboy.Herfutureis,tosomeextent,shapedassoonasherfamilylimitsheropportunitiesandtreatherassecond-rater,whichexplainwhywomenindevelopingcountriesperformmuchworsethanmenbothinstudyandcareer.Deepdiscrimination(歧视)againstwomencreatesafirmforcethatkeepsgirlsfromlivinguptotheirfullpotential.Italsoleavesthemvictimstoseverephysicalandemotionalharm.These“servantsofthehouseholdcometoacceptthatlifewillneverbeanydifferent.What'smostharmful,itresultsnotonlyinmillionsofindividualtragedies,butalsointhelostpotentialfortheentirecountry.Studiesshowthereisadirectlinkbetweenacountry'sattitudetowardwomenanditssocialandeconomicprogress.Thestatusofwomeniscentraltothehealthofasociety.Ifonepartsuffers,sodoesthewhole.Todealwiththesituation,manywomenturntoeducation.Educatedwomenareessentialtoendingsexdiscrimination,startingbyreducingthepovertyThemostbasicskillsinliteracyandMathsopenupopportunitiesforbetter-payingjobsforwomen.UneducatedwomeninruralareasofZambia,forinstance,aretwiceaslikelytoliveinpovertyasthosewhohavehadeightormoreyearsofeducation.Womenwhohavehadsomeschoolingaremorelikelytogetmarriedlater,survivechildbirth,havefewerandhealthierchildren,andmakesuretheirownchildrencompleteschool.Understandingtheimportanceofhygiene(卫生）andnutrition,theyaremorelikelytostayinphysicalwellness.Nevertheless,thecomprehensivechangeforasocietyspeaksforthemorefar-reachingmeaningofwomeneducation.Aswomengettheopportunitytogotoschoolandobtainhigher-leveljobs,theygainstatusintheircommunities,whichtranslatesintothepowertoinfluencetheirfamiliesandsocieties.Suchpowermay,togetherwithotherforcesofoutsideinterference,makeevenbiggerchangespossibleandgraduallylightenupwomen'sfatesinthesecountries.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)81.Whattwofactsmakeawomanachievelessthanmenindevelopingcountries?82.Themostsevereresultofdiscriminationagainstwomenis________________________.83.Whyareeducatedwomenindevelopingcountriesmorelikelytoremainhealthy?84.Highsocialpositionathomehelpswomentohavetheabilityto________________________.81.Herfamilylimitingheropportunitiesandtreatingherassecond-rater.82.thelostpotentialfortheentirecountry83.Becausetheyunderstandtheimportanceofhygieneandnutrition.84.influencetheirfamiliesandsocieties（杨浦）PizzaHutlovers,youcannowsmelljustlikeyourfavoritefood.PizzaHutlaunchesitsownperfumethatsmellslikeafreshpizzapie.Thisisnotajoke—althoughitstartedasone!Whileitmightseemlikeanunusualventureforthebran