PM-项目管理-2基础

Project,PMandSoftwarePMCollegeofComputer2011春夏学期授课版2AgendaPMConception概念PMBOK‘sContentsPMBOK的内容Tools工具PhaseandProcessPhase阶段Process过程Organization组织Commitment义务SPMConception概念Classification分类Challenge挑战ProblemsSolving问题解决2011春夏学期授课版3项目管理基础2011春夏学期授课版4WhatisProject?PMIdefinition项目“是为了实现一个独特目的(产品或服务)而进行的临时性任务”(PMBOK®Guide2000,p.4)目标性、相关性、周期性、独特性、约束性、不确定性、结果的不可逆转性Aprojectisaninter-relatedsetofactivitieswhosecombinedperformancewithinalimitedperiodoftimeaccomplishescertaindesiredobjectives.2011春夏学期授课版6WhatisaProject?Byastrictdefinition,wewillconsideraprojectas:aonetimeefforthavingdefinedstartingandenddateshavingaspecifiedobjectiveandscopeofworktobeperformedproducingauniqueproductorservicesolvingaproblemoraddressinganeedhavingasetbudgetbeingperformedbyatemporaryorganizationBeingledbyoneultimatelyaccountableindividualSoftwareprojectsaretemporaryorganizationalunits2011春夏学期授课版7AttributesofprojectsAttributesofprojectsuniquepurpose目的的唯一性Temporary临时性requireresources,oftenfromvariousareas资源shouldhaveaprimarysponsorand/orcustomer发起人/用户involveuncertainty不确定性2011春夏学期授课版8项目的典型特征Limited(oftenhighlyconstrained)durationUncertaintyregardingworkrequired,methods,durations,andcostsComplexsequencingrequirementsamongactivitiesLargeprojectsareoftencomposedofmultiplesmallerprojectsOftenconstrainedresourcesavailabilityandunevenworkload目标性、相关性、周期性、独特性、约束性、不确定性、结果的不可逆转性2011春夏学期授课版9项目的典型特征Temporaryprojectorganization/teamwithmembersdrawnfromvariousdisciplines,functionalareas,andorganizationsProjectmanagerlacksformal,permanentauthoritywithrespecttoteammembersPotentialforchangingpriorities,miscommunication,confusion,andconflict.目标性、相关性、周期性、独特性、约束性、不确定性、结果的不可逆转性2011春夏学期授课版10项目分类improving改善Contract契约Development发展Sourcefromenterprisestrategy企业策略Sourcefromcontract契约Sourcefromefficiency效率requirement需求2011春夏学期授课版11BigProject，ProjectandsubprojectBPP2P1SP2SP12011春夏学期授课版12ProjectisanywhereMovinghouseSolutionShowcaseLilyweddingOATraining2011春夏学期授课版13SamplesofITProjectsNorthwestAirlinesdevelopedanewreservationsystemcalledResNetManyorganizationsupgradehardware,software,andnetworksviaprojectsOrganizationsdevelopnewsoftwareorenhanceexistingsystemstoperformmanybusinessfunctionsNote:“ITprojects”referstoprojectsinvolvinghardware,software,andnetworks2011春夏学期授课版14SamplesofNon-ITProjectsConstructinganewbuildingDevelopinganewproductPerformingamajorresearchstudyPlanning/holdingamajoreventlikeawedding,familyreunion,etc.Yourexamples?Note:Trytothinkofprojectsthatinvolveseveralpeoplewithdifferentbackgrounds2011春夏学期授课版15能够受益于项目的行为类型Considerthefollowingactivities,dotheyrequirePM.CookinginarestaurantWritingabookInstallinganewversionofawordprocessingpackageInstallinganewversionofawordprocessingpackageinanorganizationGettingmarried日常事务工作试探成果不确定2011春夏学期授课版16项目管理的三项约束Everyprojectisconstrainedindifferentwaysbyits范围目标:Whatistheprojecttryingtoaccomplish?进度目标:Howlongshouldittaketocomplete?成本目标:Whatshoulditcost?成果的项目管理就意味着同时实现这三个目标，并能够让发起人满意2011春夏学期授课版17项目管理的三项约束2011春夏学期授课版184basicbuildingblockofPMC=function(P,S,T)C=Cost成本P=Performance履行能力S=Scope范围T=Time进度STCP2011春夏学期授课版19项目的5个主要角色(Humphrey2000)TeamleaderDevelopmentleaderPlanningmgr.Quality/processmgr.Supportmgr.Project=event(cultural,engineering)Cultural：项目承担组织的企业文化2011春夏学期授课版20四个项目维度PeopleProcessProductTechnology2011春夏学期授课版21Trade-offTriangle平衡三角从快、廉价、好，三者中选择两个你的选择是？2011春夏学期授课版22Trade-offTriangle平衡三角Knowwhichofthesearefixed&variableforeveryproject了解每个项目中的变和不变2011春夏学期授课版23PM的挑战任务Peoplemanagement人员管理Managingprojectculture项目文化管理UnderstandingeachteammemberandstakeholdersMatchrolestopeopleTeammanagementProfessionaldevelopmentTechnicalskillsCASEtoolsManagementtechniqueMeasurement,softwareprocessassessmentProjectmanagementTrackingindividualtimeandeffort(Donotbeapolice)Individualspreadsheet,orPersonalsoftwareprocess(PSP),Fig1.4page16.PSPstudioisFreeandavailableonWebsite主要行为可行性研究InvestigatewhetheraprojectisworthdoingE.g.economicevaluation计划编制Foralargeproject,outlineforwholeproject+detailedplanforthe1ststage.项目实施Design=thinkanddecideaboutpreciseformoftheproducts(e.g.externalappearanceofsoftware:-useri/f,-internalarchitecture.)可行性研究计划编制项目实施Isitworthdoing?Howdowedoit?Doit!Designimplement2011春夏学期授课版26Whatismanagement?基本的管理包括下列行为:Planning计划-decidingwhatistobedoneOrganizing组织-makingarrangementsStaffingHR-selectingtherightpeopleforthejobDirecting指导-givinginstructionsMonitoring检视-checkingonprogressControlling控制-takingactiontoremedyhold-upsInnovating创新-comingupwithnewsolutionsRepresenting反馈-liaisingwithusers,etc.2011春夏学期授课版27Managementcontrol&cyclerealworldcollectdataprocessdatadefineobjectivesmakedecisionsmodelingimplementdecisionsactions(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(5a)(6)2011春夏学期授课版28ITprojectversusothertypesThecharacteristicsofIT/SWprojectsthatdifferentiatethemfromothertypesofprojects:非可见:nophysicalartifact,e.g.bridge,building,road,tobeseenasprogressing高度复杂:morecomplexitymeasuredintermofpermoneyspent一致的:physicalmat.governedbycert