美国数学和科学教育改革势在必行

MathandScienceEducationInaGlobalAge:WhattheU.S.CanLearnfromChinaAsiaSocietyAsiaSocietyisaninternationalnonprofitorganizationdedicatedtostrengtheningrelationshipsanddeepeningunderstandingamongthepeoplesofAsiaandtheUnitedStates.TheSocietyoperatescultural,policy,business,socialissues,andeducationprograms.ThroughitsAsiaandInternationalStudiesintheSchoolsinitiative,AsiaSociety’seducationdivisionispromotingteachingandlearningaboutworldregions,cultures,andlanguagesinK-12schoolsbyraisingawarenessandadvancingpolicy,developingpracticalmodelsofinternationaleducationintheschools,andstrengtheningrela-tionshipsbetweenU.S.andAsianeducationleaders.HeadquarteredinNewYorkCity,theorganiza-tionhascentersinHongKong,Houston,LosAngeles,Manila,Melbourne,Mumbai,SanFrancisco,Shanghai,andWashington,D.C....PublishedbyAsiaSociety,May2006.Toordercopiesofthisreport,pleasecontacttheAsiaSociety’sEducationDivision:AsiaSocietyAttn:EducationDivision725ParkAvenueNewYork,NY10021Telephone:[phone];facsimile:212.717.1234AsiaSociety’sK–12Websites:::ContrastingSystems..............................................................11PopulationSize...........................................................................................................11YearsofSchooling.......................................................................................................11StandardsandAlignment...........................................................................................12TeachingMaterialsandComputerAccess....................................................................13MathematicsandScienceCurricula.............................................................................13PreparationofScienceandMathematicsTeachers.......................................................14TeachingMethods........................................................................................................15TestingandExaminationSystems...............................................................................17TimeonTaskandAcademicFocus.............................................................................17StudentAchievement...................................................................................................18IssuesofCommonInterest.............................................................................................20DegreesofFlexibility..................................................................................................20CurriculumContentandInstructionalMethods...........................................................20ExaminationandAssessmentPractices.......................................................................22TeacherPreparationandProfessionalDevelopment......................................................22UseofInformationandCommunicationTechnology....................................................23PossibleAreasofCollaboration......................................................................................24Conclusion..........................................................................................................................29References...........................................................................................................................31AppendixA:ListofParticipants.....................................................................................33AppendixB:Agenda.........................................................................................................35.PREFACEANDACKNOWLEDGEMENTSOverthepastfewyears,AsiaSocietyhasleddelegationsofAmericaneducationleaderstoChinaandhostedChineseleadersintheUnitedStatesinanefforttodeepenknowledgeofeachother’ssuccessesandchallenges,andtostrengtheneducationalcooperationbetweenthetwocountries.Twodelegations,in2003and2005,vis-itedawiderangeofschoolsanduniversitiesinChinaattheinvitationoftheChineseMinistryofEducation.In2004,aChinesedelegationofdirectorsofeducationfromsevenprovinces,ledbyChineseViceMinisterofEducationZhangXinsheng,visitedtheUnitedStatesandpartici-patedinmeetingsoftheCouncilofChiefStateSchoolOfficers,EducationCommissionoftheStates,TheCollegeBoard,andAsiaSociety.Severalimportantinitiativeshaveresultedfromtheseexchanges,includingthecreationofanewAdvancedPlacementCourseandExaminationinChinese(Mandarin)LanguageandCulturebyTheCollegeBoard,partnershipsbetweenAmericanstatesandChineseprovincestolinkschoolsandteachers,andjointinitiativestoincreasethenumberofAmericanschoolsthatteachChinese.Inth