沈阳建筑大学毕业论文毕业论文题目电子水准仪在建筑变形监测中的应用研究学院专业班级土木工程学院测绘08-01班学生姓名性别指导教师职称2012年6月15日I摘要建筑变形监测是按照一定的周期对变形体进行重复观测以确定其形状在空间位置随时间的变化量,并利用观测结果总结出变形规律从而监测变形体的运动。如果变形超过了限差,就会影响建筑物的正常使用,严重的会使建筑物倾斜甚至倒塌。因此,在建筑物施工过程和运营期间,都需要对它们进行变形观测,确保工程建筑物的稳定性,为安全运行诊断提供必要的信息,以便及时发现问题并采取措施。本论文主要介绍了数字水准仪的结构、测量原理;数字水准仪的种类和特点,目前发展的现状,今后发展的趋势。以及数字水准仪在各种工程中的应用,尤其是在沉降监测中的应用;利用数字水准仪如何快速准确地获得监测对象的沉降信息,以便对监测对象进行及时的数据分析和准确的预报;依据电子水准仪的基本原理及其在建筑沉降监测中的应用进行研究和分析,从而得出对普及电子水准仪的应用和发展有益的结论。关键词:电子水准仪;变形监测;沉降观测IIAbstractBuildingdeformationmonitoringisrepeatedobservingthedeformationobjectswithacertainperiodtodeterminetheshapeofthespatialpositionwiththechangeoftime,andusingtheobservedresultstosumupthelawofdeformationandtomonitorthemovementofthedeformationobjects.Ifthedeformationexceedsthelimit,itwillaffectthenormaluseofthebuilding,andwillseriouslymakethebuildingtiltingorevencollapse.Therefore,intheperiodofbuildingconstructionandoperation,observingthebuildingdeformationtoensurebuilding’sstabilityisverynecessary.Andthenitcanprovidethenecessaryinformationforsafeoperation.Itcanalsofindproblemandtakemeasurestosolvetheproblemtimely.Thispaperintroducesthestructure,types,characteristicsandmeasurementprincipleofthedigitallevelinstrument.Thispaperalsoprobeintothedevelopmentsituationatpresentandthedevelopmenttrendinthefutureofthedigitallevelinstrument.Importantly,thispapermakearesearchoflargenumberofengineeringapplications,especiallyinthesettlementmonitoring,ofthedigitallevelinstruments.Usingthedigitallevelinstruments,itcanquicklyandaccuratelyobtainthemonitoringinformationofmonitoringobject,sothatthepredictionofmonitoringobjectcanbeobtainedtimelyaccurately.Toresearchandanalysisonthebasisprincipleofelectroniclevelanditsapplicationinbuildingsettlementmonitoring,theusefulconclusionsinpopularizationanddevelopmentofelectroniclevelinginstrumentapplicationisobtained.Keywords:Electroniclevel;Deformationmonitoring;SettlementobservatioIII目录第一章电子水准仪的基本原理............................................11.1引言..................................................................11.2电子水准仪的结构及测量原理............................................11.3电子水准仪的种类和特点...............................................11.3.1电子水准仪的种类...................................................11.3.2电子水准仪的特点...................................................81.4电子水准仪的发展现状及发展趋势.......................................8第二章建筑变形观测...................................................132.1建筑变形观测.........................................................132.1.1建筑变形观测概述..................................................132.1.2建筑变形观测的分类................................................132.1.3建筑变形观测的特点................................................142.1.4建筑变形观测的基本方法............................................152.2变形观测的重要意义..................................................15第三章电子水准仪的观测方法............................................173.1DiNi12电子水准仪的简介.............................................173.2电子水准仪的观测方法................................................18第四章电子水准仪的检验与校正..........................................204.1电子水准仪的误差....................................................204.2电子水准仪的检验与校正..............................................224.2.1电子水准仪常规检验与校正...........................................224.2.2电子水准仪i角的检验与校正.........................................23第五章电子水准仪在变形观测中的应用实例................................265.1工程概况...........................................................265.2沉降观测高程控制网方案设计..........................................265.2.1观测仪器及依据....................................................26IV5.2.2水准基点的布设.....................................................275.2.3工作基点的布设.....................................................275.2.4沉降观测点的布设..................................................285.2.5观测方法...........................................................285.2.6观测成果..........................................................295.3数据处理与分析.......................................................305.3.1观测点的观测成果..................................................305.3.2累积沉降值........................................................335.3.3沉降等值线图......................................................345.3.4沉降-荷载-时间曲线图..............................................345.3.5各观测点随时间累积沉降速度曲线图...................................38第六章总结与展望......................................................406.1经济技术分析.........................................................406.2结论................................................................406.3展望................................................................40参考文献........................................................................................................................42致谢................................................................................................................................43附录一中文译文附录二外文翻译原文沈阳建筑大学毕业论文1电子水准仪在建筑变形监测中的应用研究第一章电子水准仪的基本原理1.1引言随着城市建设的迅猛发展,高大建筑物越来越普遍,建筑物的安全也越来越受到社会各界的关注,为保证建筑物的顺利施工和施工后的安全运营,就必须对建筑物进行系统的变形监测,其中一项重要工作就是沉降观测。因此对建筑物进行精确的沉降观测就显得尤为重要,因为它关系到整个工程的施工安全和使用安全。随着测绘仪器制造技