(完整版)传感器专业名词英文解释

1.Brieflydefinethefollowingterms1)TransducerAtransducerisadevicethatconvertsasignalfromonephysicalformtoacorrespondingsignalhavingadifferentphysicalform.2)SensorAsensorconvertsaphysicalsignalintoanelectricalsignal(i.e.,amicrophone).3)ActuatorAnactuatorisadevicethatconvertselectricalenergyintophysicalenergy(i.e.,aloudspeaker).4)LinearityThelinearitydescribestheclosenessbetweenthecalibrationcurveandaspecifiedstraightline.5)SensitivityThesensitivityisdefinedintermsoftherelationshipbetweeninputphysicalsignalandoutputelectricalsignal.Itisgenerallytheratiobetweenasmallchangeinelectricalsignaltoasmallchangeinphysicalsignal.Thesensitivityistheslopeofthecalibrationcurve.6)HysteresisThehysteresisreferstothedifferencebetweentwooutputvaluesthatcorrespondtothesameinput,dependingonthedirection(increasingordecreasing)ofsuccessiveinputvalues.Thatis,similarlytothemagnetizationinferromagneticmaterials,itcanhappenthattheoutputcorrespondingtoagiveninputdependsonwhetherthepreviousinputwashigherorlowerthanthepresentone.Somesensorsdonotreturntothesameoutputvaluewhentheinputstimulusiscycledupordown.Thewidthoftheexpectederrorintermsofthemeasuredquantityisdefinedasthehysteresis.7)RepeatabilityTherepeatabilityistheclosenessofagreementbetweensuccessiveresultsobtainedwiththesamemethodunderthesameconditionsandinashorttimeinterval.%100yσ)3~2(δFSRδ—samplestandarddeviation8)Strain(mechanical)FractionalchangeinlengthΔL/L.9)GagefactorThegagefactorisdefinedasthefractionalchangeinresistancedividedbythestrain.10)PiezoresistiveeffectThechangeinresistivityasaresultofamechanicalstressiscalledthepiezoresistiveeffect.11)directpiezoelectriceffect.thephenomenonofgenerationofavoltageundermechanicalstressisreferredtoasthepiezoelectriceffect.12)conversepiezoelectriceffect.Themechanicalstrainproducedinthecrystalunderelectricstressiscalledtheconversepiezoelectriceffect.13)NumericalApertureTheacceptanceconedefineshowmuchlightwillbeacceptedintothefiberandultimatelyhowmuchremainsinthefiber,andisreferredtoasthenumericalaperture.14)ExtrinsicsensorTheopticalfiberplaysnopartinachievingthemodulatingbutsimplyactsasatransmissionmedium;theseareextrinsicsensors.15)Intrinsicsensors(fiberopticsensor)Theopticalfiberplaysamajorroleinmodulatingtheenergyfromthesource;thesearereferredtoasintrinsicsensors.16)Humidityaquantityrepresentingtheamountofwatervaporintheatmosphereoragas17)AbsolutehumidityAbsolutehumidityisthemassofwatervaporperunitvolumeofair.18)RelativehumidityTheratiooftheactualvapordensitytothetheoreticalmaximum(saturation)vapordensityatthesametemperature,expressedasapercentage.Therelativehumidityistheratiooftheactualvaporpressuretothesaturationvaporpressureatgiventemperature.19)PeltiereffectWhentwodissimilarmetalsareconnectedtogether,asmallvoltagecalledathermojunctionvoltageisgeneratedatthejunction.ThisiscalledthePeltiereffect.20)LawofHomogeneousConductorsForagivenpairofhomogeneousconductorsformingaclosedloop,theSeebeckemfdependsonlyonthetemperaturesofthejunctions,andnotonthetemperaturedistributionalongthelengthoftheconductors.21)LawofintermediatemetalsAthird(intermediate)metalwirecanbeinsertedinserieswithoneofthewireswithoutchangingthevoltagereading(providedthatthetwonewjunctionsareatthesametemperature).Ifthereisathirdmetalintroducedintothethermocouplecircuit,itwillnotadverselyeffectthereading,ifandonlyifthetwojunctionsofthethirdmetalareatthesametemperatures.22)Bernoulli’stheoremBernoulli’sequationstatesthatenergyisapproximatelyconservedacrossaconstrictioninapipe.Bernoulli’sequation:P/(ρ•g)+½v2/g+y=constant(ρ=density;g=accelerationofgravity;v=fluidvelocity;y=elevation)2.Describethefollowingdevicesandhowtheywork1)StraingageThestraingaugeusuallyconsistsofwire,baking,thinpaper,andleadwelded.Thewireisarrangedintheformofagridinordertoobtainhigherresistances.2)ParallelplateCapacitiveSensorTheparallelplateCapacitiveSensorisafunctionofthedistanced(cm)betweentheelectrodesofastructure,thesurfaceareaA(cm2)oftheelectrodes,andthepermittivityε0(F/m1085.812forair)ofthedielectricbetweentheelectrodes;therefore:dAdAC0r3)DifferentialCapacitiveSensorAdifferentialcapacitorconsistsoftwovariablecapacitorssoarrangedthattheyundergothesamechange,butinoppositedirections.Theamplifiercircuit,dependingonitsconfiguration,cangenerateavoltageproportionaltoC1-C2orC1/C2or(C1-C2)/(C1+C2).4)VariableReluctanceSensorsAtypicalsingle-coilvariable-reluctancedisplacementsensorisillustratedintheFigurebelow.Thesensorconsistsofthreeelements:aferromagneticcore,avariableairgap,andaferromagneticplate.Basedonchangeinthereluctanceofamagneticfluxpath.Self-inductanceLofthecoilis:Reluctancecanbegivenas:5)Variable-ReluctanceTachogeneratorsItconsistsofaferromagnetic,toothedwheelattachedtoarotatingshaft,acoilandamagnet.Thewheelrotatesincloseproximitytothepolepiece,thuscausingthefluxlinkedbythecoiltochange.Thesensorsoutputdependsonthespeedoftherotationofthewheelandthenumberofteeth.6)LVDTAnLVDTconsistsofthreecoils,aformandacore.Thecoilsarewoundonahollowform.Theprimaryisexcitedbysomeacsource.Fluxformedbytheprima