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1考研英语语法长难句实战突破------为阅读写作翻译时刻准备着-------第一部分Grammar时态词法Chapter1学习思维的改变1.collectiveeffortforthinkingQ1.中文的句子复杂还是英文的句子复杂？Q2.中文句子中可以多个谓语动词吗？Q3.So,英文的谓语动词呢？Chapter2动词的重要性一句真言：把握住了动词就把握住了谓语，把握住了谓语就把握住了长难句的灵魂！------英语句子主干结构的标志：谓语成分1.火眼识别Doing,havingdone,beingdone,tohavedone,isbeingdone,isbeginningtorealize,has,broken,learned.哪些是真正的谓语动词？2.突破法门a.只有谓语动词才能做谓语b.c.3.学子最大的纠结：汉语与英语的切换Eg1.汉语：“英语不难。”英语：差异：多了什么？Eg2.英语：“Inhelplessbeautyyoursnowyhairdippedyourdeparting,andtowhomcanmypraybetouching?”汉语：差异：Chapter3动词及其时态把握一．动词四大类1.行为动词2.连系动词3.助动词4.情态动词二．行为动词做谓语的辨别要诀：一般现在和一般过去式不规则的动词加强1．三种形式不同Begin,ring,sing,swim,blow,drive,give,do,know,throw,break,speak,fall…22.过去式和过去分词sameDig,feel,have,wake,catch,teach,buy,Sell,tell,make,stand….3.只是过去式变化，原形不变Run,come4.三种形式一样Let,cut三．动词的关键时态Q1.英语的时态数量？Q2.中文和英文的时态都一样吗？立竿见影：一般时态和特殊时态对比1.动词的现在完成时由since和for引导时状的完成时态Q1.有区别吗Q2.哪个表达更好更精准，带有推理性？Tips1:对比法Eg1.HehasbeeninXi’ansince2000.HehasbeeninXi’anfor5years.哪个表示更清楚？Eg2.Wehavenotmeteachothersince25yearsago.Wehavenotmeteachotherfor20years.哪个感情更深？Tips2要点突破---针对写作1.可以用于表示“延续的动作或状态”的动词Study,live…接下去2.不可以用于表示“延续的动作或状态”的动词来是come,去是go!...So,短暂型动词解决方案对比一下，判断正误Eg1.hehascometoshanghai.（）Hehascometoshanghaifor5years.()Hehasbeeninshanghaifor5years.()技巧1：可用be的完成时替代。Eg2.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmy.技巧2：It’sfiveyearssincehecametoshanghai.要点突破2has/havebeen和has/havegoneEg1.shehasbeentoshanghai.Shehasgonetoshanghai.Eg2.IhavebeentoTaiwan.IhavegonetoTaiwan.TheyhavegonetoTaiwan.1.动词的现在完成进行时读懂“言外之意”Eg1.Thoseboyshavebeenplayingsoccerforonehour.Eg2.Shehasbeenlookingforajobsincelastweek.32.动词的一般过去时特殊结构Eg1.“usedto”结构区别：Sheusednottobesocareless.Shedidnotusetobesocareless.Eg2.“woulddosth”结构Hewouldsitforhoursreadingbooks.ShewouldpaintsomepicturesbythelakeduringherstayinginHangzhou.Chapter4形容词的重要性Q：adj在句子中可以充当的成分？Eg1.1.Mr.smithisaverystrictteacher.2.ThefilmIsawlastnightisinteresting.3.Doyouthinkitimportant?Eg2.以pink为例子1.Ilikethatpinkdress.2.Theseflowersarepink.3.Theydecidedtopaintthecribpink.Eg3.有些adj只能做定语Wooden,goldenEg4.有些adj只能做表语a表示“健康好坏”的adj:b以“a开头”的adj:对比判断1：heisanillperson.Heisansickperson.Whenshegotup,shefeltalittlesick.Igotalittlesickaboutit.对比判断2.Don’twaketheasleepboy.Thebabyisasleep.Bequiet,don’twakethesleepinginfant.Theinfantissleeping.Eg5.名词化的adjQ:形容词在句子中的位置？Eg1.adj做定语，通常在n之前，但是多个形容词怎么处理?比如：一件漂亮红丝绸睡袍。Tips:“越本质，越接近n”规则：再比如：两张小玻璃圆桌子一座又大又新又好的灰石头房子经典说法：“昔日好时光”？Eg2.有些adj后置做定语中文：“有医生吗？”英文：英文：Ithinkitistheonlysolutionimaginable.特别用法1：presidentelect4SecretarygeneralThoseconcernedTheinterestsinvolved.Eg3.Adj修饰不定代词，放在后面NothinginterestanythingwrongEg4.adj做状语时候，前后中都可以！比如：a.Heissoexcited,speechlessforamoment.=andheisspeechlessforamoment..b.afraidofbeingscolded,hehadcleanedtheroombeforehismothercamehome.破译句子重点章节decodeChapter5非谓语动词和谓语动词牛刀小试1)PeopleusedbookstolearnEnglishgrammar.2)Thebooksusedalwayshavefatallimit.3)Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses,weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgaveus.非谓语动词种类1..不定式2.现在分词3.过去分词非谓语动词第一类不定式一刀切入“write”Towrite,tobewrite,tohavewritten,tohavebeenwrittentobewritingtohavebeenwritingeg1.TheywanttofindthatmissingboyASAP.Eg2.Thatbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanyeditions.Eg3.WhenIgotoffthebus,ithappenedtoberainingheavily.Eg4.Heisbelievedtohavebeenlivingherefor60years.具体用法1．做主语1)句首位置Eg1.Tofinishtheworkintenminsisveryhard.Eg2.TolearnEnglishwellneedsmuchpractice.2)句尾位置(变换前面2个例句)Eg1.Eg2.2．不定式做表语Herjobistocleanthe_____.(厕所)3、不定式做宾语1）常与定式做宾语连用的动词：Want,hope,wish….2)E.g.MikefounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.53).充当介词的宾语E.g.我只能呆在这里，没有别的选择。特别情况：eg1.Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.1.不定式做定语功能：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意事项：1）Eg1他发现一个很适合居住的宅子。Eg2.这个孩子无忧无虑。(双重否定表达)Eg3.你在打开什么东西？2）如果不定式修饰time,place,way,可以省略介词。Eg1.Hehasnoplacetolive.Eg2.这个是解决这个问题的最好方法。2.不定式做状语所谓状语，就是与主句或谓语动词之间存在的某中逻辑关系。1)表目的他夜以继日地工作为了赚钱养家。2)shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意事项：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语要与句子一致。判断正误：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Tosavemoney,hetriedeverymeans.TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.TolearnEnglishwell,youneedadictionary.2)表结果Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.特殊情况：Iwillbesatisfiedonlytopasstheexam.非谓语动词第二类现在分词Tips:1.现在分词形式多变，过去分词形单影只2.多以组合形式出现具体用法1.做主语Eg1.Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.Eg2.集邮是一个人们一个普遍爱好。Eg3.Readingislearningbutusingisalso.Eg4.Seeingisbelieving.Eg5.It’sinterestingplanningaexcursion.注意事项：动名词复合结构做主语时候，逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词，常用属格。Eg.Hergoingtherewon’tdoanyharm.2.做表语Eg1.Thisstoryisquiteinteresting.=thisstoryinterestspeople.6Eg2.没有你的旅行将会无趣。3.做宾语Eg1.Idon’tmindbuyinganotherone.Eg2.我不能冒错过火车的风险。TIPs哪些词后跟不定式，哪些词后跟现在分词？哪些词两者兼顾？传统教学法：（我说你写）1.）下列动词后跟不定式做宾语2.）下列动词后跟名词作宾语3)下列两者都可接1）动名词和不定式意义基本一致的有：EG1:jackloveslistening/tolistentopopmusic.Eg2:myhairneedscutting=myhairneedstobecut.2）两者有大差别的动词有：Eg1.Irememberpostingtheletter.Iremembertoposttheletter.Eg2.I’vequiteforgottenputtingitthere.Iforgottoputitthere.Eg3.Doyoumeantotellmeyoudidn’t…..Ifyoudidn’tdoit,itwillmeanwaitingforalongtime.Eg4.TheystoppedtalkingTheystoppedtotalk,传统问题：两种结局一是记不住二是记住了，用不上巧记：不定式：现在分词：4.现在分词做定语Tips:非谓语动词做定语时候=定语从句Eg1.Themanfollowingwasobviouslyinahurry.Eg